ЭкоГрад: концепция строительства экологически эффективного района в Санкт-Петербурге

The objective of the EcoGrad project was to develop an ecological city planning concept suitable for StPetersburg. One important principle in the development process was the GOLD principle (Globally Optimised, Locally Designed). Local conditions were taken into account while implementing globally optimised solutions. A dense city structure, minimisation of transport need and buildings energy consumption, maximisation of public transportation and bicycle routs, maximisation of renewable energy systems, sustainable waste and water management systems and taking social and cultural aspects into account, are parts of an ecological concept. In Russia, energy efficient building technologies are still much undeveloped. Also renewable energy systems are quite unknown. On the other hand the Russian norms require very short distances to daily services as day-care, schools, health care stations, and shops. This is an aspect that supports ecological city planning very well. A questionnaire among inhabitants was done within the project. It revealed among other things that it is not a value for inhabitants (92%) that their houses are heated with renewable energy. Mehcanical ventilation is unknown for most of the respondents (80%), fresh air was anyhow considered important (80%), but less than half of the respondents (40%) were willing to pay for it. Taking the inhabitants into the development process, in other words Living Lab activities, are an important part of ecological planning and should be implemented into the planning process. Plans for three pilots were developed within the project. The areas energy consumption was assessed and emissions were calculated for different types of renewable energy systems. In one of the pilots an ecological plan was made with the boundary that no extra investment costs were allowed. In the ppp-pilot focus was put on different business models based on public-private partnership models. During the project seven meetings were held with representatives for St Petersburg. Elements of the concept were presented, and feedback was received about how the concept would be suitable in local conditions. Based on this feedback the concept was revised and a criteria list was developed. The criteria list helps the local city planning with requiring the right things in order to develop an ecological housing area.