A framework for understanding human factors issues in border control automation

Minna Kulju; Mari Ylikauppila; Sirra Toivonen; Laura Salmela

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-05297-3_15

A framework for understanding human factors issues in border control automation

Minna Kulju, Mari Ylikauppila, Sirra Toivonen, Laura Salmela

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference article in proceedings › Scientific › peer-review

1 Citation (Scopus)

Abstract

New security threats and increasing traveler flows as well as needs to enhance facilitation and security in EU external cross-border traffic have accelerated the use of novel technologies in border control. Especially at airports, automated border control, more commonly known as e-gates, have been taken widely into use. With e-gates, travelers perform border check as self-service, and the role of the border guards is to monitor or possibly also assist travelers passing the border. The introduction of automated systems significantly reshapes current ways of conducting border control from the border guard’s perspective, and automation thus requires new skills from them. Understanding the effects of automation on the work tasks and work performance of border guards requires thorough examination. This paper introduces key Human Factors issues affecting border guard and border control system performance. The results are based on literature review and field studies conducted in different border control points within six European countries. The paper presents a Human Factors framework for understanding the complex nature of the border control and different factors influencing to both border control process and border guard performance within it.

Original language	English
Title of host publication	Human Work Interaction Design
Subtitle of host publication	Designing Engaging Automation, HWID 2018
Editors	Torkil Clemmensen, Virpi Roto, Pedro Campos, Arminda Lopes, Frederica Gonçalves, Barbara Rita Barricelli, José Abdelnour-Nocera
Place of Publication	Cham
Publisher	Springer
Pages	215-228
ISBN (Electronic)	978-3-030-05297-3
ISBN (Print)	978-3-030-05296-6
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-05297-3_15
Publication status	Published - 2019
MoE publication type	A4 Article in a conference publication
Event	5th IFIP WG 13.6 Working Conference on Human Work Interaction Design, HWID 2018 - Espoo, Finland Duration: 20 Aug 2018 → 21 Aug 2018 Conference number: 5

Publication series

Series	IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology
Volume	544
ISSN	1868-4238

Conference

Conference	5th IFIP WG 13.6 Working Conference on Human Work Interaction Design, HWID 2018
Abbreviated title	HWID 2018
Country/Territory	Finland
City	Espoo
Period	20/08/18 → 21/08/18

Keywords

Automated border control
Border digitalization
EU
Human factors
Human factors framework
Schengen area

Access to Document

10.1007/978-3-030-05297-3_15

Cite this

Kulju, M., Ylikauppila, M., Toivonen, S., & Salmela, L. (2019). A framework for understanding human factors issues in border control automation. In T. Clemmensen, V. Roto, P. Campos, A. Lopes, F. Gonçalves, B. R. Barricelli, & J. Abdelnour-Nocera (Eds.), Human Work Interaction Design: Designing Engaging Automation, HWID 2018 (pp. 215-228). Springer. IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology Vol. 544 https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-05297-3_15

Kulju, Minna ; Ylikauppila, Mari ; Toivonen, Sirra ; Salmela, Laura. / A framework for understanding human factors issues in border control automation. Human Work Interaction Design: Designing Engaging Automation, HWID 2018. editor / Torkil Clemmensen ; Virpi Roto ; Pedro Campos ; Arminda Lopes ; Frederica Gonçalves ; Barbara Rita Barricelli ; José Abdelnour-Nocera. Cham : Springer, 2019. pp. 215-228 (IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology, Vol. 544).

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abstract = "New security threats and increasing traveler flows as well as needs to enhance facilitation and security in EU external cross-border traffic have accelerated the use of novel technologies in border control. Especially at airports, automated border control, more commonly known as e-gates, have been taken widely into use. With e-gates, travelers perform border check as self-service, and the role of the border guards is to monitor or possibly also assist travelers passing the border. The introduction of automated systems significantly reshapes current ways of conducting border control from the border guard{\textquoteright}s perspective, and automation thus requires new skills from them. Understanding the effects of automation on the work tasks and work performance of border guards requires thorough examination. This paper introduces key Human Factors issues affecting border guard and border control system performance. The results are based on literature review and field studies conducted in different border control points within six European countries. The paper presents a Human Factors framework for understanding the complex nature of the border control and different factors influencing to both border control process and border guard performance within it.",

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author = "Minna Kulju and Mari Ylikauppila and Sirra Toivonen and Laura Salmela",

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Kulju, M, Ylikauppila, M, Toivonen, S & Salmela, L 2019, A framework for understanding human factors issues in border control automation. in T Clemmensen, V Roto, P Campos, A Lopes, F Gonçalves, BR Barricelli & J Abdelnour-Nocera (eds), Human Work Interaction Design: Designing Engaging Automation, HWID 2018. Springer, Cham, IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology, vol. 544, pp. 215-228, 5th IFIP WG 13.6 Working Conference on Human Work Interaction Design, HWID 2018, Espoo, Finland, 20/08/18. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-05297-3_15

A framework for understanding human factors issues in border control automation. / Kulju, Minna; Ylikauppila, Mari; Toivonen, Sirra ; Salmela, Laura.

Human Work Interaction Design: Designing Engaging Automation, HWID 2018. ed. / Torkil Clemmensen; Virpi Roto; Pedro Campos; Arminda Lopes; Frederica Gonçalves; Barbara Rita Barricelli; José Abdelnour-Nocera. Cham : Springer, 2019. p. 215-228 (IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology, Vol. 544).

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference article in proceedings › Scientific › peer-review

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AU - Kulju, Minna

AU - Ylikauppila, Mari

AU - Toivonen, Sirra

AU - Salmela, Laura

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N2 - New security threats and increasing traveler flows as well as needs to enhance facilitation and security in EU external cross-border traffic have accelerated the use of novel technologies in border control. Especially at airports, automated border control, more commonly known as e-gates, have been taken widely into use. With e-gates, travelers perform border check as self-service, and the role of the border guards is to monitor or possibly also assist travelers passing the border. The introduction of automated systems significantly reshapes current ways of conducting border control from the border guard’s perspective, and automation thus requires new skills from them. Understanding the effects of automation on the work tasks and work performance of border guards requires thorough examination. This paper introduces key Human Factors issues affecting border guard and border control system performance. The results are based on literature review and field studies conducted in different border control points within six European countries. The paper presents a Human Factors framework for understanding the complex nature of the border control and different factors influencing to both border control process and border guard performance within it.

AB - New security threats and increasing traveler flows as well as needs to enhance facilitation and security in EU external cross-border traffic have accelerated the use of novel technologies in border control. Especially at airports, automated border control, more commonly known as e-gates, have been taken widely into use. With e-gates, travelers perform border check as self-service, and the role of the border guards is to monitor or possibly also assist travelers passing the border. The introduction of automated systems significantly reshapes current ways of conducting border control from the border guard’s perspective, and automation thus requires new skills from them. Understanding the effects of automation on the work tasks and work performance of border guards requires thorough examination. This paper introduces key Human Factors issues affecting border guard and border control system performance. The results are based on literature review and field studies conducted in different border control points within six European countries. The paper presents a Human Factors framework for understanding the complex nature of the border control and different factors influencing to both border control process and border guard performance within it.

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KW - Border digitalization

KW - EU

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PB - Springer

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Kulju M, Ylikauppila M, Toivonen S , Salmela L. A framework for understanding human factors issues in border control automation. In Clemmensen T, Roto V, Campos P, Lopes A, Gonçalves F, Barricelli BR, Abdelnour-Nocera J, editors, Human Work Interaction Design: Designing Engaging Automation, HWID 2018. Cham: Springer. 2019. p. 215-228. (IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology, Vol. 544). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-05297-3_15

A framework for understanding human factors issues in border control automation

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Analyzing Risk in Digitalized Border Management Systems: The State of Play

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