A framework for understanding human factors issues in border control automation

Minna Kulju; Mari Ylikauppila; Sirra Toivonen; Laura Salmela

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-05297-3_15

A framework for understanding human factors issues in border control automation

Minna Kulju^*
, Mari Ylikauppila
, Sirra Toivonen
, Laura Salmela

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference article in proceedings › Scientific › peer-review

6 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

New security threats and increasing traveler flows as well as needs to enhance facilitation and security in EU external cross-border traffic have accelerated the use of novel technologies in border control. Especially at airports, automated border control, more commonly known as e-gates, have been taken widely into use. With e-gates, travelers perform border check as self-service, and the role of the border guards is to monitor or possibly also assist travelers passing the border. The introduction of automated systems significantly reshapes current ways of conducting border control from the border guard’s perspective, and automation thus requires new skills from them. Understanding the effects of automation on the work tasks and work performance of border guards requires thorough examination. This paper introduces key Human Factors issues affecting border guard and border control system performance. The results are based on literature review and field studies conducted in different border control points within six European countries. The paper presents a Human Factors framework for understanding the complex nature of the border control and different factors influencing to both border control process and border guard performance within it.

Original language	English
Title of host publication	Human Work Interaction Design
Subtitle of host publication	Designing Engaging Automation, HWID 2018
Editors	Torkil Clemmensen, Virpi Roto, Pedro Campos, Arminda Lopes, Frederica Gonçalves, Barbara Rita Barricelli, José Abdelnour-Nocera
Place of Publication	Cham
Publisher	Springer
Pages	215-228
ISBN (Electronic)	978-3-030-05297-3
ISBN (Print)	978-3-030-05296-6
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-05297-3_15
Publication status	Published - 2019
MoE publication type	A4 Article in a conference publication
Event	5th IFIP WG 13.6 Working Conference on Human Work Interaction Design, HWID 2018 - Espoo, Finland Duration: 20 Aug 2018 → 21 Aug 2018 Conference number: 5

Publication series

Series	IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology
Volume	544
ISSN	1868-4238

Conference

Conference	5th IFIP WG 13.6 Working Conference on Human Work Interaction Design, HWID 2018
Abbreviated title	HWID 2018
Country/Territory	Finland
City	Espoo
Period	20/08/18 → 21/08/18

Funding

This work was conducted under the BODEGA project (Proactive Enhancement of Human Performance in Border Control. This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grand agreement No. 653676.

Keywords

Automated border control
Border digitalization
EU
Human factors
Human factors framework
Schengen area

Access to Document

10.1007/978-3-030-05297-3_15

Cite this

Kulju, M., Ylikauppila, M., Toivonen, S., & Salmela, L. (2019). A framework for understanding human factors issues in border control automation. In T. Clemmensen, V. Roto, P. Campos, A. Lopes, F. Gonçalves, B. R. Barricelli, & J. Abdelnour-Nocera (Eds.), Human Work Interaction Design: Designing Engaging Automation, HWID 2018 (pp. 215-228). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-05297-3_15

Kulju, Minna ; Ylikauppila, Mari ; Toivonen, Sirra et al. / A framework for understanding human factors issues in border control automation. Human Work Interaction Design: Designing Engaging Automation, HWID 2018. editor / Torkil Clemmensen ; Virpi Roto ; Pedro Campos ; Arminda Lopes ; Frederica Gonçalves ; Barbara Rita Barricelli ; José Abdelnour-Nocera. Cham : Springer, 2019. pp. 215-228 (IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology, Vol. 544).

@inproceedings{d0560bb36e8046d8bcdd997317d7701f,

title = "A framework for understanding human factors issues in border control automation",

abstract = "New security threats and increasing traveler flows as well as needs to enhance facilitation and security in EU external cross-border traffic have accelerated the use of novel technologies in border control. Especially at airports, automated border control, more commonly known as e-gates, have been taken widely into use. With e-gates, travelers perform border check as self-service, and the role of the border guards is to monitor or possibly also assist travelers passing the border. The introduction of automated systems significantly reshapes current ways of conducting border control from the border guard{\textquoteright}s perspective, and automation thus requires new skills from them. Understanding the effects of automation on the work tasks and work performance of border guards requires thorough examination. This paper introduces key Human Factors issues affecting border guard and border control system performance. The results are based on literature review and field studies conducted in different border control points within six European countries. The paper presents a Human Factors framework for understanding the complex nature of the border control and different factors influencing to both border control process and border guard performance within it.",

keywords = "Automated border control, Border digitalization, EU, Human factors, Human factors framework, Schengen area",

author = "Minna Kulju and Mari Ylikauppila and Sirra Toivonen and Laura Salmela",

year = "2019",

doi = "10.1007/978-3-030-05297-3\_15",

language = "English",

isbn = "978-3-030-05296-6",

series = "IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology",

publisher = "Springer",

pages = "215--228",

editor = "Torkil Clemmensen and Virpi Roto and Pedro Campos and Arminda Lopes and Frederica Gon{\c c}alves and Barricelli, \{Barbara Rita\} and Jos{\'e} Abdelnour-Nocera",

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note = "5th IFIP WG 13.6 Working Conference on Human Work Interaction Design, HWID 2018, HWID 2018 ; Conference date: 20-08-2018 Through 21-08-2018",

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Kulju, M, Ylikauppila, M, Toivonen, S & Salmela, L 2019, A framework for understanding human factors issues in border control automation. in T Clemmensen, V Roto, P Campos, A Lopes, F Gonçalves, BR Barricelli & J Abdelnour-Nocera (eds), Human Work Interaction Design: Designing Engaging Automation, HWID 2018. Springer, Cham, IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology, vol. 544, pp. 215-228, 5th IFIP WG 13.6 Working Conference on Human Work Interaction Design, HWID 2018, Espoo, Finland, 20/08/18. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-05297-3_15

A framework for understanding human factors issues in border control automation. / Kulju, Minna; Ylikauppila, Mari; Toivonen, Sirra et al.
Human Work Interaction Design: Designing Engaging Automation, HWID 2018. ed. / Torkil Clemmensen; Virpi Roto; Pedro Campos; Arminda Lopes; Frederica Gonçalves; Barbara Rita Barricelli; José Abdelnour-Nocera. Cham: Springer, 2019. p. 215-228 (IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology, Vol. 544).

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference article in proceedings › Scientific › peer-review

TY - GEN

T1 - A framework for understanding human factors issues in border control automation

AU - Kulju, Minna

AU - Ylikauppila, Mari

AU - Toivonen, Sirra

AU - Salmela, Laura

N1 - Conference code: 5

PY - 2019

Y1 - 2019

N2 - New security threats and increasing traveler flows as well as needs to enhance facilitation and security in EU external cross-border traffic have accelerated the use of novel technologies in border control. Especially at airports, automated border control, more commonly known as e-gates, have been taken widely into use. With e-gates, travelers perform border check as self-service, and the role of the border guards is to monitor or possibly also assist travelers passing the border. The introduction of automated systems significantly reshapes current ways of conducting border control from the border guard’s perspective, and automation thus requires new skills from them. Understanding the effects of automation on the work tasks and work performance of border guards requires thorough examination. This paper introduces key Human Factors issues affecting border guard and border control system performance. The results are based on literature review and field studies conducted in different border control points within six European countries. The paper presents a Human Factors framework for understanding the complex nature of the border control and different factors influencing to both border control process and border guard performance within it.

AB - New security threats and increasing traveler flows as well as needs to enhance facilitation and security in EU external cross-border traffic have accelerated the use of novel technologies in border control. Especially at airports, automated border control, more commonly known as e-gates, have been taken widely into use. With e-gates, travelers perform border check as self-service, and the role of the border guards is to monitor or possibly also assist travelers passing the border. The introduction of automated systems significantly reshapes current ways of conducting border control from the border guard’s perspective, and automation thus requires new skills from them. Understanding the effects of automation on the work tasks and work performance of border guards requires thorough examination. This paper introduces key Human Factors issues affecting border guard and border control system performance. The results are based on literature review and field studies conducted in different border control points within six European countries. The paper presents a Human Factors framework for understanding the complex nature of the border control and different factors influencing to both border control process and border guard performance within it.

KW - Automated border control

KW - Border digitalization

KW - EU

KW - Human factors

KW - Human factors framework

KW - Schengen area

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85059887371

U2 - 10.1007/978-3-030-05297-3_15

DO - 10.1007/978-3-030-05297-3_15

M3 - Conference article in proceedings

AN - SCOPUS:85059887371

SN - 978-3-030-05296-6

T3 - IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology

SP - 215

EP - 228

BT - Human Work Interaction Design

A2 - Clemmensen, Torkil

A2 - Roto, Virpi

A2 - Campos, Pedro

A2 - Lopes, Arminda

A2 - Gonçalves, Frederica

A2 - Barricelli, Barbara Rita

A2 - Abdelnour-Nocera, José

PB - Springer

CY - Cham

T2 - 5th IFIP WG 13.6 Working Conference on Human Work Interaction Design, HWID 2018

Y2 - 20 August 2018 through 21 August 2018

ER -

Kulju M, Ylikauppila M, Toivonen S , Salmela L. A framework for understanding human factors issues in border control automation. In Clemmensen T, Roto V, Campos P, Lopes A, Gonçalves F, Barricelli BR, Abdelnour-Nocera J, editors, Human Work Interaction Design: Designing Engaging Automation, HWID 2018. Cham: Springer. 2019. p. 215-228. (IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology, Vol. 544). doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-05297-3_15

A framework for understanding human factors issues in border control automation

Abstract

Publication series

Conference

Funding

Keywords

Access to Document

Other files and links

Fingerprint

Analyzing Risk in Digitalized Border Management Systems: The State of Play

BODEGA: BOrdDErGuArd: Proactive Enhancement of Human Performance in Border Control

Cite this

A framework for understanding human factors issues in border control automation

Abstract

Publication series

Conference

Funding

Keywords

Access to Document

Other files and links

Fingerprint

Research output

Analyzing Risk in Digitalized Border Management Systems: The State of Play

Projects

BODEGA: BOrdDErGuArd: Proactive Enhancement of Human Performance in Border Control

Cite this