@inproceedings{a831bc44aabf4ee3b8b608a48e6e894d,
title = "A thermal hydraulic modelling for leak-before break applications",
abstract = "A computer code named CRAFLO has been developed at VTT Energy for realistic leak rate analysis of leak-before-break applications. The code offers several alternative models and correlations to study the associated thermal hydraulic two-phase phenomena. Among them are energy nonequilibrium models with velocity slip between the phases. The leak rate is obtained via parallel solution of equations for conservation of mass, momentum and energy as integrated over the flow path through the wall thickness. A discretized formulation is provided as an option to yield detailed distributions of pressure and steam quality. Validation is going on and has shown fairly good comparison with the SQUIRT2 code and benchmark test results. The code has been linked with in-house made fracture mechanics analysis modules to enable automated leakage crack size evaluation by means of an integrated analysis system LBBCAL. An illustrative application is made to a BWR plant primary circuit piping with a postulated circumferential through wall crack.",
author = "Jaakko Miettinen and Kari Ikonen and Rauli Keskinen",
note = "HUO: My{\"o}s NUREG CP 155, 1997; 1996 ASME Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference ; Conference date: 21-07-1996 Through 26-07-1996",
year = "1996",
language = "English",
isbn = "978-0-7918-1770-4",
volume = "1",
series = "American Society of Mechanical Engineers. Pressure Vessels and Piping Division. Publication PVP",
publisher = "American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)",
pages = "233--244",
editor = "K. Yoon",
booktitle = "Fatigue and Fracture 1996",
address = "United States",
}