TY - JOUR
T1 - A tool for determining sheltering efficiency of mechanically ventilated buildings against outdoor hazardous agents
AU - Kulmala, Ilpo
AU - Salmela, Hannu
AU - Kalliohaka, Tapio
AU - Zweglinski, Tomasz
AU - Smolarkiewicz, Marcin
AU - Taipale, Aimo
AU - Kataja, Jari
N1 - Project code: 100524
PY - 2016
Y1 - 2016
N2 - Sudden large scale outdoor releases of toxic materials
may require protective actions in the affected areas, and
one option is to shelter indoors. Mechanically ventilated
buildings provide protection against outdoor hazardous
particulate materials with varying efficiency depending
mainly on the properties of the HVAC system of the
building, air leakage, and the nature of the outdoor
release. A tool for modelling the indoor concentrations
due to outdoor contaminants has been developed and
presented. The tool solves numerically the simplified
mass balance equation describing the size-resolved
behaviour of airborne particles and uses as input
experimentally obtained data on particle concentrations
outdoors, in the supply air, and indoors. By eliminating
the effect of indoor sources the size-resolved
indoor/outdoor (I/O) ratio for fine particles can be
determined accurately, thus giving detailed information
on the buildings protective capability and thereby
quantitative knowledge to support emergency managers
decision making.
AB - Sudden large scale outdoor releases of toxic materials
may require protective actions in the affected areas, and
one option is to shelter indoors. Mechanically ventilated
buildings provide protection against outdoor hazardous
particulate materials with varying efficiency depending
mainly on the properties of the HVAC system of the
building, air leakage, and the nature of the outdoor
release. A tool for modelling the indoor concentrations
due to outdoor contaminants has been developed and
presented. The tool solves numerically the simplified
mass balance equation describing the size-resolved
behaviour of airborne particles and uses as input
experimentally obtained data on particle concentrations
outdoors, in the supply air, and indoors. By eliminating
the effect of indoor sources the size-resolved
indoor/outdoor (I/O) ratio for fine particles can be
determined accurately, thus giving detailed information
on the buildings protective capability and thereby
quantitative knowledge to support emergency managers
decision making.
KW - sheltering efficiency
KW - I/O ratio
KW - infiltration
KW - modelling
KW - validation
U2 - 10.1016/j.buildenv.2016.06.034
DO - 10.1016/j.buildenv.2016.06.034
M3 - Article
SN - 0360-1323
VL - 106
SP - 245
EP - 253
JO - Building and Environment
JF - Building and Environment
ER -