Acyl group migration and cleavage in selectively protected β-d-galactopyranosides as studied by NMR spectroscopy and kinetic calculations

The migration of acetyl, pivaloyl, and benzoyl protective groups and their relative stabilities at variable pH for a series of β-d-galactopyranoses were studied by NMR spectroscopy. The clockwise and counterclockwise migration rates for the different ester groups were accurately determined by use of a kinetic model. The results presented provide new insights into the acid and base stabilities of commonly used ester protecting groups and the phenomenon of acyl group migration and may prove useful in the planning of synthesis strategies.