All-Silicon Spectrally Resolved Interferometric Circuit for Multiplexed Diagnostics: A Monolithic Lab-on-a-Chip Integrating All Active and Passive Components

Konstantinos Misiakos, Eleni Makarona, Marcel Hoekman, Romanos Fyrogenis, Kari Tukkiniemi, Gerhard Jobst, Panagiota Sotirios Petrou, Sotirios Elias Kakabakos, Alexandros Salapatas, Dimitrios Goustouridis, Mikko Harjanne, Paivi Heimala, Ioannis Raptis* (Corresponding Author)

*Corresponding author for this work

    Research output: Contribution to journalArticleScientificpeer-review

    19 Citations (Scopus)

    Abstract

    Despite the tremendous advances in micro- and nanoelectronics and the fast-pacing advances in photonic circuit designs, seamless monolithic integration of electronic and photonic components on single chips still remains elusive. In this work, a radically designed silicon-based chip that monolithically integrates in a 37 mm2 footprint 10 interferometric optical sensors along with their respective optical sources, spectral analyzers, and photodetector arrays is presented. The chip is fabricated with mainstream CMOS-compatible fabrication techniques and employs optical devices operating in the visible/infrared spectrum and waveguides with a critical dimension of 1.0 μm. In addition, it exploits the newly introduced detection principle of broad-band Mach-Zehnder interferometry that surpasses the stringent requirement for external monochromatic sources and inherent limitations of traditional interferometry and introduces alternative designs of on-chip spectral analyzers and mode-filtering components, aspiring thus to become a novel lab-on-a-chip that can address the needs of next-generation analytical systems. Apart from the conceptual design, novel photonic features, fabrication steps, and out-of-the-box system development that circumvents the need for fluidic interfacing and employs only electrical interconnects, the present work tests the potential of the fully spectroscopic chip for analytical applications through real-time monitoring of immunochemical reactions and demonstrates limits of detection for antimouse IgG antibody and CRP of 60 and 8 pM, respectively.

    Original languageEnglish
    Pages (from-to)1694-1705
    JournalACS Photonics
    Volume6
    Issue number7
    DOIs
    Publication statusPublished - 13 Jun 2019
    MoE publication typeA1 Journal article-refereed

    Funding

    This work was supported by the EU-funded Project FOODSNIFFER (FP7-ICT-318319). We also acknowledge support of this work by the project MIS 5002567, implemented under the “Action for the Strategic Development on the Research and Technological Sector”, funded by the Operational Programme “Competitiveness, Entrepreneurship and Innovation” (NSRF 2014-2020) and cofinanced by Greece and the European Union (European Regional Development Fund).

    Keywords

    • Broad-band interferometry
    • Lab-on-chip
    • Optical biosensing
    • Photonic circuit
    • Photonics-microelectronic integration
    • OtaNano

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