Amorphization of silicon by high dose germanium ion implantation with no external cooling mechanism

Z. Xia*, Jaakko Saarilahti, E. Ristolainen, S. Eränen, Hannu Ronkainen, Pekka Kuivalainen, D. Paine, T. Tuomi

*Corresponding author for this work

    Research output: Contribution to journalArticleScientificpeer-review

    4 Citations (Scopus)

    Abstract

    Si(100) wafers were implanted by using three different methods: single-energy Ge+ ion implantation, double-energy Ge+ and Ge2+ ion implantation, and double-energy Si+ and Ge+ ion implantation. The single-energy implantations were performed at energies from 50 to 180 keV, over the range of 8.38 × 1015 to 5.80 × 1016 ions/cm2. By keeping the ion beam power density below 0.09 W/cm2, full surface amorphization could be achieved in the single-energy Ge+ implanted samples. Also beam heating was suppressed during implantation, although the implanter had no external cooling. In addition, a two-step single-energy implant technique using sequentially high and low power densities was further developed in order to reduce implantation times. In order to locate the amorphous/crystalline (a/c) interfaces far away from the concentration peak positions of the implanted Ge+ ions, the double-energy Ge+ and Ge2+, and Si+ and Ge+ implantations were carried out. Three Ge+ implanted wafers were either pre-implanted with 180 keV Si+ ions, or post-implanted with 360 keV Ge2+ ions, respectively, in order to locate deeper a/c interfaces. Channelling effect measurements indicate that the double-energy Ge+ and Ge2+ implantation is a preferable technique for wilfully tailoring the amorphous depth and the Ge peak position.

    Original languageEnglish
    Pages (from-to)321-330
    JournalApplied Surface Science
    Volume78
    Issue number3
    DOIs
    Publication statusPublished - 1 Jan 1994
    MoE publication typeA1 Journal article-refereed

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