TY - JOUR
T1 - Amorphization of silicon by high dose germanium ion implantation with no external cooling mechanism
AU - Xia, Z.
AU - Saarilahti, Jaakko
AU - Ristolainen, E.
AU - Eränen, S.
AU - Ronkainen, Hannu
AU - Kuivalainen, Pekka
AU - Paine, D.
AU - Tuomi, T.
N1 - Project code: ELE41131
PY - 1994/1/1
Y1 - 1994/1/1
N2 - Si(100) wafers were implanted by using three different methods: single-energy Ge+ ion implantation, double-energy Ge+ and Ge2+ ion implantation, and double-energy Si+ and Ge+ ion implantation. The single-energy implantations were performed at energies from 50 to 180 keV, over the range of 8.38 × 1015 to 5.80 × 1016 ions/cm2. By keeping the ion beam power density below 0.09 W/cm2, full surface amorphization could be achieved in the single-energy Ge+ implanted samples. Also beam heating was suppressed during implantation, although the implanter had no external cooling. In addition, a two-step single-energy implant technique using sequentially high and low power densities was further developed in order to reduce implantation times. In order to locate the amorphous/crystalline (a/c) interfaces far away from the concentration peak positions of the implanted Ge+ ions, the double-energy Ge+ and Ge2+, and Si+ and Ge+ implantations were carried out. Three Ge+ implanted wafers were either pre-implanted with 180 keV Si+ ions, or post-implanted with 360 keV Ge2+ ions, respectively, in order to locate deeper a/c interfaces. Channelling effect measurements indicate that the double-energy Ge+ and Ge2+ implantation is a preferable technique for wilfully tailoring the amorphous depth and the Ge peak position.
AB - Si(100) wafers were implanted by using three different methods: single-energy Ge+ ion implantation, double-energy Ge+ and Ge2+ ion implantation, and double-energy Si+ and Ge+ ion implantation. The single-energy implantations were performed at energies from 50 to 180 keV, over the range of 8.38 × 1015 to 5.80 × 1016 ions/cm2. By keeping the ion beam power density below 0.09 W/cm2, full surface amorphization could be achieved in the single-energy Ge+ implanted samples. Also beam heating was suppressed during implantation, although the implanter had no external cooling. In addition, a two-step single-energy implant technique using sequentially high and low power densities was further developed in order to reduce implantation times. In order to locate the amorphous/crystalline (a/c) interfaces far away from the concentration peak positions of the implanted Ge+ ions, the double-energy Ge+ and Ge2+, and Si+ and Ge+ implantations were carried out. Three Ge+ implanted wafers were either pre-implanted with 180 keV Si+ ions, or post-implanted with 360 keV Ge2+ ions, respectively, in order to locate deeper a/c interfaces. Channelling effect measurements indicate that the double-energy Ge+ and Ge2+ implantation is a preferable technique for wilfully tailoring the amorphous depth and the Ge peak position.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=11744303351&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/0169-4332(94)90021-3
DO - 10.1016/0169-4332(94)90021-3
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:11744303351
SN - 0169-4332
VL - 78
SP - 321
EP - 330
JO - Applied Surface Science
JF - Applied Surface Science
IS - 3
ER -