@inproceedings{9e8881873ee549a88402812f4825b0f6,
title = "Analysis of Tension and Bending Strength of Graded Spruce Timber",
abstract = "Tension strength of spruce was compared to EN 338 values by using two methods: direct comparison of strength values of visually graded timber, and by comparing tension and bending strengths of material graded by use of Edyn. Based on results from graded material by use of Edyn we conclude that tension strength parallel to grain is conservative in EN 338. Based on this study and on an earlier Nordic study it is suggested that characteristic tension strength should be increased and a detailed suggestion is given. It is suggested that size effect in bending and tension strengths should be handled in grading standards in such a way that strength of any size is the same when material belongs to the same grade. This would include that strength models used in grading should include also the smaller dimension of cross-section as variable. According to this study, size effect in bending related to width is nearly as big as the effect of depth, but opposite: wider beam has higher strength when beam widths are in range from 44 to 63 mm. This can and should be considered in settings of grading machines.",
keywords = "strength, timber, spruce, tension, bending",
author = "Antti Hanhij{\"a}rvi and Alpo Ranta-Maunus and Heidi Sarkama and Matti Poussa and Kohsaku Mitsuhashi and Jari Puttonen",
year = "2007",
language = "English",
series = "International Council for Research and Innovation in Building and Construction, Working Commission W 18, Timber Structures",
editor = "Rainer G{\"o}rlacher",
booktitle = "International Council for Research and Innovation in Building and Construction",
note = "International Council for Research and Innovation in Building and Construction, Working Commission W18, Timber Structures CIB-W18 ; Conference date: 28-08-2007 Through 31-08-2007",
}