Battery Hazards for Large Energy Storage Systems

Judith A. Jeevarajan*, Tapesh Joshi, Mohammad Parhizi, Taina Rauhala, Daniel Juarez-Robles

*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journalArticleScientificpeer-review

58 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Energy storage systems (ESSs) offer a practical solution to store energy harnessed from renewable energy sources and provide a cleaner alternative to fossil fuels for power generation by releasing it when required, as electricity. The energy stored and later supplied by ESSs can greatly benefit the energy industry during regular operation and more so during power outages. Electrochemical energy storage has taken a big leap in adoption compared to other ESSs such as mechanical (e.g., flywheel), electrical (e.g., supercapacitor, superconducting magnetic storage), thermal (e.g., latent phase change material), and chemical (e.g., fuel cells) types, thanks to the success of rechargeable batteries. Figure 1 depicts the various components that go into building a battery energy storage system (BESS) that can be a stand-alone ESS or can also use harvested energy from renewable energy sources for charging. The electrochemical cell is the fundamental component in creating a BESS. A module is a set of single cells connected in parallel-series configurations to provide the required battery capacity and voltage. The complete set of modules arranged in racks constitutes a battery. A battery management system (BMS) allows for monitoring and controlling the charge and discharge of the battery. Thermal management of the battery is managed by the heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system that controls the environmental temperature and humidity. Integrating the BESS with renewable energy sources for the charging process can be done directly or through an AC/DC inverter. The BESS battery operates with DC, and renewable energy sources can produce both AC and/or DC current. The DC/AC inverter also enables the BESS to be integrated with the electrical grid by demanding energy when needed or supplying excess energy, as long as the minimum requirements of the grid are met.
Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)2725-2733
JournalACS Energy Letters
Volume7
Issue number8
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 12 Aug 2022
MoE publication typeA1 Journal article-refereed

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