Abstract
The urgency to stabilize the global temperature rise at
2°C as highlighted in the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report
calls for solutions that can remove CO2 from the
atmosphere. Achieving negative CO2 emissions by removing
CO2 from the atmosphere is possible by applying carbon
capture in biomass-fired processes (Bio-CCS). Biomass has
the capability of withdrawing and storing atmospheric
CO2. As a result, CO2 released during biomass combustion
can be captured and stored permanently underground, thus
depriving the atmosphere of CO2.
In this paper the potential technologies for Bio-CCS and
the feasibility of the solutions are compared both from a
sustainability and cost point of view. There are four
major biomass conversion routes where Bio-CCS is
applicable; biochemical conversion (fermentation and
hydrolysis), thermo-chemical conversion (e.g.
gasification), power production (gasification and
combustion) and industrial processes. In addition to
ethanol fermentation the thermo-chemical biomass
conversion processes are considered the first-phase
targets for applying capture of CO2, both from a logistic
and cost point of view. The main Bio-CCS technologies
assessed in this study are Fischer-Tropsch diesel
production, bio-SNG production, lignocellulosic ethanol
production, torrefaction and biomass based power
production such as co-firing biomass in a coal-based
condensing power plant and biomass-based CHP (combined
heat and power) production. The most applicable industry
sector for introduction of Bio-CCS is obviously pulp and
paper industry but some potential exists also in cement
industry, iron and steel industry and oil and gas
refineries. The aspect of deploying Bio-CCS in industry
is also discussed.
As the potential of Bio-CCS is very much bound to the
availability and usage of biomass raw materials, the
sustainability of the raw materials is of essence. The
current biomass flows and potentials set the initial
limits for the wider deployment of Bio-CCS. Efficient
utilization of constrained resources is an essential
question, when the target is to optimize the impact on
the system level, from the society point of view. The
ultimate objective is to give suggestions weather
deployment really gives desired impact to the CO2
concentrations in the atmosphere. As biomass can be used
in many ways, the primary purpose of utilisation and
products containing biogenic carbon also add up to this.
When biomass is utilised for products other than energy,
the impact to environment and economy differs. The
opportunities with these solutions, realistic potential
and the main threats related to Bio-CCS are discussed in
the light of sustainability and economic potential.
Original language | English |
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Publication status | Published - 2014 |
Event | 4th International Conference on Biomass Energy Technologies - 8th World Bioenergy Symposium, ICBT-WBS 2014 - Changsha, China Duration: 17 Oct 2014 → 19 Oct 2014 |
Conference
Conference | 4th International Conference on Biomass Energy Technologies - 8th World Bioenergy Symposium, ICBT-WBS 2014 |
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Country/Territory | China |
City | Changsha |
Period | 17/10/14 → 19/10/14 |
Keywords
- Bio-CSS
- roadmap
- feasibility