Biodegradable and Sustainable Finishes of Textiles

Traditional textile wet processing poses challenges to attaining eco-friendly and sustainable textile practices and products, chiefly because of its detrimental impacts on human health and the environment. The textile finishing industry, the greatest producer of wastewater, is currently reevaluating its technology and chemical utilization to comply with environmental and consumer requirements. There is a growing interest in the importance of maintaining sustainability, carbon neutrality, and water footprint, and meeting consumer demands for sustainability. The use of sustainable and biomaterial-based textile finishing techniques can improve manufacturing practices, leading to advancements in ecological, economic, and social aspects. The integration of biotechnology in the chemical processing of textiles is a significant application of emerging technologies that support environmental friendliness and sustainability. Enzymatic treatment, also known as bio-washing or bio-stoning, is a sustainable textile finishing method that adheres to the principles of green chemistry. This method reduces the use of harsh chemicals, conserves energy and water, and minimizes waste generation. Biomaterials, including biopolymers and extracts obtained from plants, can be used for sustainable and renewable functional finishing on textiles. The use of plant extracts or microorganisms for biosynthesis is gaining popularity owing to its cost-effectiveness, diminished chemical usage, simplicity of implementation, and eco-friendly characteristics. This chapter examines sustainable finishing procedures that incorporate nanotechnology, plasma treatment, enzymes, biopolymers, and natural agents. Furthermore, it includes international environmental rules and activities related to textile products and manufacturing methods.