Building scenarios of urban sustainability for critical raw materials

The paper aims to build scenarios for increased circulation of critical raw materials (CRMs) in the context of urban sustainability transformations, using the Dator's Manoa School Four Futures framework and a participatory workshop. As a result, he configured four scenarios illustrate the diverse trajectories and associated challenges and opportunities for CRM circularity and urban sustainability. The limitations of the scenario analysis, such as the need for further validation and action planning with relevant stakeholders, and the potential bias of the workshop participants are acknowledged. The paper aims to contribute to the literature and understanding of urban sustainability transition and circularity of CRMs, and to inspire new research openings by demonstrating the interconnections and related dynamics of transition.