@inbook{ec28aa41990d4036be9867a5f025734f,
title = "Calculation of slag windows in steelmaking",
abstract = "The presence of non-metallic elements in steel and alloy melts incorporate a number of effects, for which it is necessary to control the multicomponent chemistry in ladle processing as well as in casting. The non-metallic elements appear either as processing elements (oxygen, nitrogen) or they are deliberately added to the melt to improve the final product quality (e.g. sulphur to improve steel machinability). The formation of inclusions in the melts is then a process, where these non-metallic impurities will be reacting with various metallic components of the melt. In steels, different oxide nitride or sulphide based inclusions are characteristic.",
author = "Matti Liukkonen",
note = "Project code: 26639",
year = "2009",
language = "English",
isbn = "978-951-38-7330-1",
series = "VTT Tiedotteita - Research Notes",
publisher = "VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland",
number = "2506",
pages = "53--58",
booktitle = "Advanced Gibbs Energy Methods for Functional Materials and Processes",
address = "Finland",
}