TY - JOUR
T1 - Cavity-Enhanced Frequency Comb Vernier Spectroscopy
AU - Lu, Chuang
AU - Morville, Jerome
AU - Rutkowski, Lucile
AU - Vieira, Francisco Senna
AU - Foltynowicz, Aleksandra
N1 - Funding Information:
Funding: This research was funded by the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation, grant number KAW 2015.0159 and by the CNRS program “Défi Instrumentation aux Limites”, grant number 154957.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
PY - 2022/4
Y1 - 2022/4
N2 - Vernier spectroscopy is a frequency comb-based technique employing optical cavities for filtering of the comb and for enhancement of the interaction length with the sample. Depending on the ratio of the cavity free spectral range and the comb repetition rate, the cavity transmits either widely spaced individual comb lines (comb-resolved Vernier spectroscopy) or groups of comb lines, called Vernier orders (continuous-filtering Vernier spectroscopy, CF-VS). The cavity filtering enables the use of low-resolution spectrometers to resolve the individual comb lines or Vernier orders. Vernier spectroscopy has been implemented using various near-and mid-infrared comb sources for applications ranging from trace gas detection to precision spectroscopy. Here, we present the principles of the technique and provide a review of previous demonstrations of comb-resolved and continuous-filtering Vernier spectroscopy. We also demonstrate two new implementations of CF-VS: one in the mid-infrared, based on a difference frequency generation comb source, with a new and more robust detection system design, and the other in the near-infrared, based on a Ti:sapphire laser, reaching high sensitivity and the fundamental resolution limit of the technique.
AB - Vernier spectroscopy is a frequency comb-based technique employing optical cavities for filtering of the comb and for enhancement of the interaction length with the sample. Depending on the ratio of the cavity free spectral range and the comb repetition rate, the cavity transmits either widely spaced individual comb lines (comb-resolved Vernier spectroscopy) or groups of comb lines, called Vernier orders (continuous-filtering Vernier spectroscopy, CF-VS). The cavity filtering enables the use of low-resolution spectrometers to resolve the individual comb lines or Vernier orders. Vernier spectroscopy has been implemented using various near-and mid-infrared comb sources for applications ranging from trace gas detection to precision spectroscopy. Here, we present the principles of the technique and provide a review of previous demonstrations of comb-resolved and continuous-filtering Vernier spectroscopy. We also demonstrate two new implementations of CF-VS: one in the mid-infrared, based on a difference frequency generation comb source, with a new and more robust detection system design, and the other in the near-infrared, based on a Ti:sapphire laser, reaching high sensitivity and the fundamental resolution limit of the technique.
KW - cavity enhanced spectroscopy
KW - frequency comb spectroscopy
KW - precision spectroscopy
KW - trace gas detection
KW - Vernier spectroscopy
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85128015117&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3390/photonics9040222
DO - 10.3390/photonics9040222
M3 - Review Article
AN - SCOPUS:85128015117
SN - 2304-6732
VL - 9
JO - Photonics
JF - Photonics
IS - 4
M1 - 222
ER -