CeOx-functionalized Pd nanoparticles on single-walled carbon nanotubes for alkaline hydrogen oxidation reaction

  • Farhan S.M. Ali
  • , Lanna E.B. Lucchetti
  • , Med Amine Hammouali
  • , Eeva-Leena Rautama
  • , Jani Sainio
  • , Hua Jiang
  • , Lilian Moumaneix
  • , Antti-Jussi Kallio
  • , Olli Sorsa
  • , Simo Huotari
  • , Ramesh K. Singh
  • , Dario R. Dekel
  • , Samira Siahrostami
  • , Tanja Kallio*
  • *Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journalArticleScientificpeer-review

Abstract

The sluggish kinetics of hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) in alkaline electrolytes highlight the strong need to develop next-generation catalyst materials for anion-exchange membrane fuel cells (AEMFC) anodes. In this study, CeOx is sequentially deposited on Pd nanoparticles supported on single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNT) via atomic layer deposition (ALD). The obtained Pd@CeOx SWNT16 ALD cycles catalyst shows an excellent alkaline HOR performance with a specific exchange current of 166 mA mg−1Pd. This is three times higher than the commercially available Pd catalyst and the highest among reported Pd/CeOx catalyst materials with different CeOx overlayer coverages. By combining the X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray absorption spectroscopy and high-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy, we confirm that the activity improvement is due to the highly conductive SWNT support enabling the fabrication of high surface area Pd clusters and CeOx overlayer. These methods reveal that the oxidation state of Ce is varying from Ce3+ to Ce4+ in relation to the CeOx overlayer thickness and the number of ALD cycles. Density functional theory calculations show that the presence of Ce/CeOx increases the diversity and population of Pd active sites with improved activity in its vicinity leading to enhanced overall catalytic performance. Moreover, this work provides a new perspective to develop highly active alkaline HOR catalysts for AEMFC.
Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)121313
Number of pages15
JournalCarbon
Volume250
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 1 Feb 2026
MoE publication typeA1 Journal article-refereed

Funding

The authors would like to thank the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement CREATE No. 721065 and the Research Council of Finland Profi 7 project (No.352955) for funding this work together with grant received from Suomalainen Tiedeakatemia (Finnish Academy of Science and Letters). This work made use of the Aalto University Raw Materials Infrastructure (RaMI) and Nanomicroscopy Centre (Aalto-NMC) premises. We acknowledge European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF) for provision of synchrotron radiation facilities under proposal number CH6530 (DOI/10.15151/ESRF-ES-962082917) and the Helsinki Centre for X-ray Spectroscopy for providing experiment time and support with the HelXAS spectrometer under Proposal number 2022-0003. L.E.B.L. and S.S. gratefully acknowledge the support from Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of Canada (Discovery Grant No. RGPIN-2023-05298).

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