Abstract
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Title of host publication | Advances in Applied Microbiology |
| Editors | Sima Sariaslani, Michael Gadd |
| Publisher | Elsevier |
| Pages | 1-77 |
| ISBN (Print) | 978-0-12-804803-0 |
| DOIs | |
| Publication status | Published - 2016 |
| MoE publication type | D2 Article in professional manuals or guides or professional information systems or text book material |
Publication series
| Series | Advances in Applied Microbiology |
|---|---|
| Volume | 94 |
| ISSN | 0065-2164 |
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Keywords
- deep biosphere
- biogeochemistry
- terrestrial
- deep life
- metagenomics
Cite this
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Chapter One: Geomicrobiology and Metagenomics of Terrestrisl Deep Subsurface Microbiomes. / Itävaara, Merja (Corresponding author); Salavirta, Heikki; Marjamaa, Kaisa; Ruskeeniemi, T.
Advances in Applied Microbiology. ed. / Sima Sariaslani; Michael Gadd. Elsevier, 2016. p. 1-77 (Advances in Applied Microbiology, Vol. 94).Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Chapter or book article › Professional
TY - CHAP
T1 - Chapter One: Geomicrobiology and Metagenomics of Terrestrisl Deep Subsurface Microbiomes
AU - Itävaara, Merja
AU - Salavirta, Heikki
AU - Marjamaa, Kaisa
AU - Ruskeeniemi, T.
PY - 2016
Y1 - 2016
N2 - Fractures in the deep subsurface of Earth's crust are inhabited by diverse microbial communities that participate in biogeochemical cycles of the Earth. Life on Earth, which arose c. 3.5e4.0 billion years ago, reaches down at least 5 km in the crust. Deep mines, caves, and boreholes have provided scientists with opportunities to sample deep subsurface microbiomes and to obtain information on the species diversity and functions. A wide variety of bacteria, archaea, eukaryotes, and viruses are now known to reside in the crust, but their functions are still largely unknown. The crust at different depths has varying geological composition and hosts endemic microbiomes accordingly. The diversity is driven by geological formations and gases evolving from deeper depths. Cooperation among different species is still mostly unexplored, but viruses are known to restrict density of bacterial and archaeal populations. Due to the complex growth requirements of the deep subsurface microbiomes, the new knowledge about their diversity and functions is mostly obtained by molecular methods, eg, meta'omics'. Geomicrobiology is a multidisciplinary research area combining disciplines from geology, mineralogy, geochemistry, and microbiology. Geomicrobiology is concerned with the interaction of microorganisms and geological processes. At the surface of mineralogical or rock surfaces, geomicrobial processes occur mainly under aerobic conditions. In the deep subsurface, however, the environmental conditions are reducing and anaerobic. The present chapter describes the world of microbiomes in deep terrestrial geological environments as well as metagenomic and metatranscriptomic methods suitable for studies of these enigmatic communities.
AB - Fractures in the deep subsurface of Earth's crust are inhabited by diverse microbial communities that participate in biogeochemical cycles of the Earth. Life on Earth, which arose c. 3.5e4.0 billion years ago, reaches down at least 5 km in the crust. Deep mines, caves, and boreholes have provided scientists with opportunities to sample deep subsurface microbiomes and to obtain information on the species diversity and functions. A wide variety of bacteria, archaea, eukaryotes, and viruses are now known to reside in the crust, but their functions are still largely unknown. The crust at different depths has varying geological composition and hosts endemic microbiomes accordingly. The diversity is driven by geological formations and gases evolving from deeper depths. Cooperation among different species is still mostly unexplored, but viruses are known to restrict density of bacterial and archaeal populations. Due to the complex growth requirements of the deep subsurface microbiomes, the new knowledge about their diversity and functions is mostly obtained by molecular methods, eg, meta'omics'. Geomicrobiology is a multidisciplinary research area combining disciplines from geology, mineralogy, geochemistry, and microbiology. Geomicrobiology is concerned with the interaction of microorganisms and geological processes. At the surface of mineralogical or rock surfaces, geomicrobial processes occur mainly under aerobic conditions. In the deep subsurface, however, the environmental conditions are reducing and anaerobic. The present chapter describes the world of microbiomes in deep terrestrial geological environments as well as metagenomic and metatranscriptomic methods suitable for studies of these enigmatic communities.
KW - deep biosphere
KW - biogeochemistry
KW - terrestrial
KW - deep life
KW - metagenomics
U2 - 10.1016/bs.aambs.2015.12.001
DO - 10.1016/bs.aambs.2015.12.001
M3 - Chapter or book article
SN - 978-0-12-804803-0
T3 - Advances in Applied Microbiology
SP - 1
EP - 77
BT - Advances in Applied Microbiology
A2 - Sariaslani, Sima
A2 - Gadd, Michael
PB - Elsevier
ER -