Characterization of a Nickel Flash Smelter Refractory Material: The Effect of Thermal Gradient

J. Lehmusto; Saara Söyrinki; Juha Lagerbom; Tuomas Jokiaho; Zaiqing Que; J. Määttä; L. Hupa; Elina Huttunen-Saarivirta; Marja Lindgren

doi:10.1007/978-3-031-50176-0_6

Characterization of a Nickel Flash Smelter Refractory Material: The Effect of Thermal Gradient

J. Lehmusto^*, Saara Söyrinki, Juha Lagerbom, Tuomas Jokiaho, Zaiqing Que, J. Määttä, L. Hupa, Elina Huttunen-Saarivirta, Marja Lindgren

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference article in proceedings › Scientific › peer-review

Abstract

Magnesia-chromite (MgCr₂O₄) spinel-based refractories are applied in nickel and copper flash smelting furnaces, where the refractories experience high temperatures but also thermal gradients due to the cooling of the walls. In the gas space, the refractories are subjected to an aggressive environment with high SO₂ concentrations. Furthermore, the increased use of recycled material streams has introduced new reactive impurities, such as halides, to the process. Therefore, the interactions between the refractories and gaseous species as well as the related reaction mechanisms need to be understood. This study presents a comparison between as-received and spent refractories from a nickel flash smelting furnace to identify the reactive species and shed light on their reaction mechanisms. The thermal gradient over the refractory is expected to affect the microstructure and contribute to the diffusion of elements within the structure. Therefore, special attention was paid to the role of the thermal gradient in the abovementioned interactions.

Original language	English
Title of host publication	Advances in Pyrometallurgy
Subtitle of host publication	Furnace Containment
Editors	Gerardo R. Alvear Flores, Camille Fleuriault, Dean Gregurek, Quinn G. Reynolds, Hugo Joubert, Stuart L. Nicol, Phillip J. Mackey, Jesse F. White, Isabelle Nolet
Publisher	Springer
Pages	81-88
Number of pages	8
ISBN (Print)	9783031501753
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-50176-0_6
Publication status	Published - 2024
MoE publication type	A4 Article in a conference publication
Event	Advances in Pyrometallurgy Symposium, held at the TMS Annual Meeting and Exhibition 2024 - Orlando, United States Duration: 3 Mar 2024 → 7 Mar 2024

Publication series

Series	Minerals, Metals and Materials Series
ISSN	2367-1181

Conference

Conference	Advances in Pyrometallurgy Symposium, held at the TMS Annual Meeting and Exhibition 2024
Country/Territory	United States
City	Orlando
Period	3/03/24 → 7/03/24

Funding

The research has been funded by Business Finland, \u00C5bo Akademi, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd., and Metso via the TOCANEM project (Register numbers 41752/31/2020 for \u00C5bo Akademi, 36409/31/2020 for VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd., and 40513/31/2020 for Metso). The financial support is acknowledged. This work has been carried out partly within the Academy of Finland project \u201CInitiation and propagation of high-temperature corrosion reactions in complex oxygen-containing environments\u201D (Decision no. 348963).

Keywords

Flash smelting
Gas-phase reactions
Refractory wear
Thermal gradient

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10.1007/978-3-031-50176-0_6

Cite this

Lehmusto, J., Söyrinki, S., Lagerbom, J., Jokiaho, T., Que, Z., Määttä, J., Hupa, L., Huttunen-Saarivirta, E., & Lindgren, M. (2024). Characterization of a Nickel Flash Smelter Refractory Material: The Effect of Thermal Gradient. In G. R. Alvear Flores, C. Fleuriault, D. Gregurek, Q. G. Reynolds, H. Joubert, S. L. Nicol, P. J. Mackey, J. F. White, & I. Nolet (Eds.), Advances in Pyrometallurgy: Furnace Containment (pp. 81-88). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-50176-0_6

Lehmusto, J. ; Söyrinki, Saara ; Lagerbom, Juha et al. / Characterization of a Nickel Flash Smelter Refractory Material : The Effect of Thermal Gradient. Advances in Pyrometallurgy: Furnace Containment. editor / Gerardo R. Alvear Flores ; Camille Fleuriault ; Dean Gregurek ; Quinn G. Reynolds ; Hugo Joubert ; Stuart L. Nicol ; Phillip J. Mackey ; Jesse F. White ; Isabelle Nolet. Springer, 2024. pp. 81-88 (Minerals, Metals and Materials Series).

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title = "Characterization of a Nickel Flash Smelter Refractory Material: The Effect of Thermal Gradient",

abstract = "Magnesia-chromite (MgCr2O4) spinel-based refractories are applied in nickel and copper flash smelting furnaces, where the refractories experience high temperatures but also thermal gradients due to the cooling of the walls. In the gas space, the refractories are subjected to an aggressive environment with high SO2 concentrations. Furthermore, the increased use of recycled material streams has introduced new reactive impurities, such as halides, to the process. Therefore, the interactions between the refractories and gaseous species as well as the related reaction mechanisms need to be understood. This study presents a comparison between as-received and spent refractories from a nickel flash smelting furnace to identify the reactive species and shed light on their reaction mechanisms. The thermal gradient over the refractory is expected to affect the microstructure and contribute to the diffusion of elements within the structure. Therefore, special attention was paid to the role of the thermal gradient in the abovementioned interactions.",

keywords = "Flash smelting, Gas-phase reactions, Refractory wear, Thermal gradient",

author = "J. Lehmusto and Saara S{\"o}yrinki and Juha Lagerbom and Tuomas Jokiaho and Zaiqing Que and J. M{\"a}{\"a}tt{\"a} and L. Hupa and Elina Huttunen-Saarivirta and Marja Lindgren",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} The Minerals, Metals \& Materials Society 2024.; Advances in Pyrometallurgy Symposium, held at the TMS Annual Meeting and Exhibition 2024 ; Conference date: 03-03-2024 Through 07-03-2024",

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doi = "10.1007/978-3-031-50176-0\_6",

language = "English",

isbn = "9783031501753",

series = "Minerals, Metals and Materials Series",

publisher = "Springer",

pages = "81--88",

editor = "\{Alvear Flores\}, \{Gerardo R.\} and Camille Fleuriault and Dean Gregurek and Reynolds, \{Quinn G.\} and Hugo Joubert and Nicol, \{Stuart L.\} and Mackey, \{Phillip J.\} and White, \{Jesse F.\} and Isabelle Nolet",

booktitle = "Advances in Pyrometallurgy",

address = "Germany",

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Lehmusto, J, Söyrinki, S , Lagerbom, J , Jokiaho, T , Que, Z, Määttä, J, Hupa, L, Huttunen-Saarivirta, E & Lindgren, M 2024, Characterization of a Nickel Flash Smelter Refractory Material: The Effect of Thermal Gradient. in GR Alvear Flores, C Fleuriault, D Gregurek, QG Reynolds, H Joubert, SL Nicol, PJ Mackey, JF White & I Nolet (eds), Advances in Pyrometallurgy: Furnace Containment. Springer, Minerals, Metals and Materials Series, pp. 81-88, Advances in Pyrometallurgy Symposium, held at the TMS Annual Meeting and Exhibition 2024, Orlando, Florida, United States, 3/03/24. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-50176-0_6

Characterization of a Nickel Flash Smelter Refractory Material: The Effect of Thermal Gradient. / Lehmusto, J.; Söyrinki, Saara ; Lagerbom, Juha et al.
Advances in Pyrometallurgy: Furnace Containment. ed. / Gerardo R. Alvear Flores; Camille Fleuriault; Dean Gregurek; Quinn G. Reynolds; Hugo Joubert; Stuart L. Nicol; Phillip J. Mackey; Jesse F. White; Isabelle Nolet. Springer, 2024. p. 81-88 (Minerals, Metals and Materials Series).

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference article in proceedings › Scientific › peer-review

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T1 - Characterization of a Nickel Flash Smelter Refractory Material

T2 - Advances in Pyrometallurgy Symposium, held at the TMS Annual Meeting and Exhibition 2024

AU - Lehmusto, J.

AU - Söyrinki, Saara

AU - Lagerbom, Juha

AU - Jokiaho, Tuomas

AU - Que, Zaiqing

AU - Määttä, J.

AU - Hupa, L.

AU - Huttunen-Saarivirta, Elina

AU - Lindgren, Marja

N1 - Publisher Copyright: © The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society 2024.

PY - 2024

Y1 - 2024

N2 - Magnesia-chromite (MgCr2O4) spinel-based refractories are applied in nickel and copper flash smelting furnaces, where the refractories experience high temperatures but also thermal gradients due to the cooling of the walls. In the gas space, the refractories are subjected to an aggressive environment with high SO2 concentrations. Furthermore, the increased use of recycled material streams has introduced new reactive impurities, such as halides, to the process. Therefore, the interactions between the refractories and gaseous species as well as the related reaction mechanisms need to be understood. This study presents a comparison between as-received and spent refractories from a nickel flash smelting furnace to identify the reactive species and shed light on their reaction mechanisms. The thermal gradient over the refractory is expected to affect the microstructure and contribute to the diffusion of elements within the structure. Therefore, special attention was paid to the role of the thermal gradient in the abovementioned interactions.

AB - Magnesia-chromite (MgCr2O4) spinel-based refractories are applied in nickel and copper flash smelting furnaces, where the refractories experience high temperatures but also thermal gradients due to the cooling of the walls. In the gas space, the refractories are subjected to an aggressive environment with high SO2 concentrations. Furthermore, the increased use of recycled material streams has introduced new reactive impurities, such as halides, to the process. Therefore, the interactions between the refractories and gaseous species as well as the related reaction mechanisms need to be understood. This study presents a comparison between as-received and spent refractories from a nickel flash smelting furnace to identify the reactive species and shed light on their reaction mechanisms. The thermal gradient over the refractory is expected to affect the microstructure and contribute to the diffusion of elements within the structure. Therefore, special attention was paid to the role of the thermal gradient in the abovementioned interactions.

KW - Flash smelting

KW - Gas-phase reactions

KW - Refractory wear

KW - Thermal gradient

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U2 - 10.1007/978-3-031-50176-0_6

DO - 10.1007/978-3-031-50176-0_6

M3 - Conference article in proceedings

AN - SCOPUS:85192197806

SN - 9783031501753

T3 - Minerals, Metals and Materials Series

SP - 81

EP - 88

BT - Advances in Pyrometallurgy

A2 - Alvear Flores, Gerardo R.

A2 - Fleuriault, Camille

A2 - Gregurek, Dean

A2 - Reynolds, Quinn G.

A2 - Joubert, Hugo

A2 - Nicol, Stuart L.

A2 - Mackey, Phillip J.

A2 - White, Jesse F.

A2 - Nolet, Isabelle

PB - Springer

Y2 - 3 March 2024 through 7 March 2024

ER -

Lehmusto J, Söyrinki S , Lagerbom J , Jokiaho T , Que Z, Määttä J et al. Characterization of a Nickel Flash Smelter Refractory Material: The Effect of Thermal Gradient. In Alvear Flores GR, Fleuriault C, Gregurek D, Reynolds QG, Joubert H, Nicol SL, Mackey PJ, White JF, Nolet I, editors, Advances in Pyrometallurgy: Furnace Containment. Springer. 2024. p. 81-88. (Minerals, Metals and Materials Series). doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-50176-0_6

Characterization of a Nickel Flash Smelter Refractory Material: The Effect of Thermal Gradient

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