Abstract
Dielectric analysis, rheometry and differential scanning
calorimetry were used in this study to analyse the curing
process of tannin-based foams using mixture of maritime
pine and Norway spruce tannins. The amounts of blowing
agent (pentane) and catalyst (para-toluene sulphonic
acid) were varied with the aim of monitoring the changes
in the curing processes of foams. A thermal analysis
carried out by differential scanning calorimetry revealed
an almost finished reaction at the time of the peak
temperature, occurring from the reaction of foaming,
whereas conversion results derived from dielectric
analysis and rheological tests indicated that curing
process began after the occurrence of maximum
temperature. With increased catalyst concentration, the
start of curing process was accelerated, while a raised
amount of pentane delayed the curing process. The curing
process of the tannin-based foams was divided into three
characteristic phases: the induction phase, the expansion
phase, and the structure-strengthening phase.
Original language | English |
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Pages (from-to) | 29-37 |
Journal | European Polymer Journal |
Volume | 69 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - 2015 |
MoE publication type | A1 Journal article-refereed |
Keywords
- dielectric analysis
- differential scanning calorimetry
- foam
- pine
- rheometry
- spruce
- tannin