Charging powers of the electric vehicle fleet: Evolution and implications at commercial charging sites

Toni Simolin; Kalle Rauma; Riku Viri; Johanna Mäkinen; Antti Rautiainen; Pertti Järventausta

doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2021.117651

Charging powers of the electric vehicle fleet: Evolution and implications at commercial charging sites

Toni Simolin^*
, Kalle Rauma
, Riku Viri
, Johanna Mäkinen
, Antti Rautiainen
, Pertti Järventausta

^*Corresponding author for this work

Not published at VTT

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Scientific › peer-review

30 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Electric vehicle (EV) charging is widely studied in the scientific literature. However, there seems to be a notable research gap regarding the charging power limitations of the on-board chargers of the EVs. In this paper, the present state of the maximum charging powers of the on-board chargers is thoroughly analysed using data from two commercial charging sites. Furthermore, the results of the analysis are used along with an EV fleet development model to form realistic future scenarios, which are then used for a simulation model that couples the charging sessions with measured charging profiles. The results of the simulations show that, due to the evolution of the EV fleet, the average energy consumption in commercial locations will increase by 134% on average from 5.6 to 8.7 kWh/EV to 13.0–19.6 kWh/EV during 2020–2040. Similarly, the peak of the normalized power increases by 77% on average from 1.1 to 1.4 kW/EV to 1.6–2.9 kW/EV. These values are essential to guide long-term decisions such as optimal sizing of charging infrastructure and parking policies.

Original language	English
Article number	117651
Journal	Applied Energy
Volume	303
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2021.117651
Publication status	Published - 1 Dec 2021
MoE publication type	A1 Journal article-refereed

Funding

This work was supported by the LIFE Programme of the European Union (LIFE17 IPC/FI/000002 LIFE-IP CANEMURE-FINLAND). The work of Toni Simolin was supported by a grant from Emil Aaltosen Säätiö sr. Kalle Rauma would like to thank the German Federal Ministry of Transport and Digital Infrastructure for its support through the project PuLS – Parken und Laden in der Stadt (03EMF0203B).

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

SDG 7 Affordable and Clean Energy
SDG 11 Sustainable Cities and Communities

Keywords

Charging powers
Data analysis
Electric vehicles
Parking policy

Access to Document

10.1016/j.apenergy.2021.117651Licence: CC BY

Cite this

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title = "Charging powers of the electric vehicle fleet: Evolution and implications at commercial charging sites",

abstract = "Electric vehicle (EV) charging is widely studied in the scientific literature. However, there seems to be a notable research gap regarding the charging power limitations of the on-board chargers of the EVs. In this paper, the present state of the maximum charging powers of the on-board chargers is thoroughly analysed using data from two commercial charging sites. Furthermore, the results of the analysis are used along with an EV fleet development model to form realistic future scenarios, which are then used for a simulation model that couples the charging sessions with measured charging profiles. The results of the simulations show that, due to the evolution of the EV fleet, the average energy consumption in commercial locations will increase by 134\% on average from 5.6 to 8.7 kWh/EV to 13.0–19.6 kWh/EV during 2020–2040. Similarly, the peak of the normalized power increases by 77\% on average from 1.1 to 1.4 kW/EV to 1.6–2.9 kW/EV. These values are essential to guide long-term decisions such as optimal sizing of charging infrastructure and parking policies.",

keywords = "Charging powers, Data analysis, Electric vehicles, Parking policy",

author = "Toni Simolin and Kalle Rauma and Riku Viri and Johanna M{\"a}kinen and Antti Rautiainen and Pertti J{\"a}rventausta",

note = "Funding Information: This work was supported by the LIFE Programme of the European Union (LIFE17 IPC/FI/000002 LIFE-IP CANEMURE-FINLAND). The work reflects only the author's view, and the EASME/Commission is not responsible for any use that may be made of the information it contains. The work of Toni Simolin was supported by a grant from Emil Aaltosen S??ti? sr. Kalle Rauma would like to thank the German Federal Ministry of Transport and Digital Infrastructure for its support through the project PuLS ? Parken und Laden in der Stadt (03EMF0203B). The authors would like to thank IGL Technologies for providing charging data. Funding Information: This work was supported by the LIFE Programme of the European Union (LIFE17 IPC/FI/000002 LIFE-IP CANEMURE-FINLAND). The work reflects only the author{\textquoteright}s view, and the EASME/Commission is not responsible for any use that may be made of the information it contains. The work of Toni Simolin was supported by a grant from Emil Aaltosen S{\"a}{\"a}ti{\"o} sr. Kalle Rauma would like to thank the German Federal Ministry of Transport and Digital Infrastructure for its support through the project PuLS – Parken und Laden in der Stadt (03EMF0203B). Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2021 The Author(s)",

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doi = "10.1016/j.apenergy.2021.117651",

language = "English",

volume = "303",

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AU - Rauma, Kalle

AU - Viri, Riku

AU - Mäkinen, Johanna

AU - Rautiainen, Antti

AU - Järventausta, Pertti

N1 - Funding Information: This work was supported by the LIFE Programme of the European Union (LIFE17 IPC/FI/000002 LIFE-IP CANEMURE-FINLAND). The work reflects only the author's view, and the EASME/Commission is not responsible for any use that may be made of the information it contains. The work of Toni Simolin was supported by a grant from Emil Aaltosen S??ti? sr. Kalle Rauma would like to thank the German Federal Ministry of Transport and Digital Infrastructure for its support through the project PuLS ? Parken und Laden in der Stadt (03EMF0203B). The authors would like to thank IGL Technologies for providing charging data. Funding Information: This work was supported by the LIFE Programme of the European Union (LIFE17 IPC/FI/000002 LIFE-IP CANEMURE-FINLAND). The work reflects only the author’s view, and the EASME/Commission is not responsible for any use that may be made of the information it contains. The work of Toni Simolin was supported by a grant from Emil Aaltosen Säätiö sr. Kalle Rauma would like to thank the German Federal Ministry of Transport and Digital Infrastructure for its support through the project PuLS – Parken und Laden in der Stadt (03EMF0203B). Publisher Copyright: © 2021 The Author(s)

PY - 2021/12/1

Y1 - 2021/12/1

N2 - Electric vehicle (EV) charging is widely studied in the scientific literature. However, there seems to be a notable research gap regarding the charging power limitations of the on-board chargers of the EVs. In this paper, the present state of the maximum charging powers of the on-board chargers is thoroughly analysed using data from two commercial charging sites. Furthermore, the results of the analysis are used along with an EV fleet development model to form realistic future scenarios, which are then used for a simulation model that couples the charging sessions with measured charging profiles. The results of the simulations show that, due to the evolution of the EV fleet, the average energy consumption in commercial locations will increase by 134% on average from 5.6 to 8.7 kWh/EV to 13.0–19.6 kWh/EV during 2020–2040. Similarly, the peak of the normalized power increases by 77% on average from 1.1 to 1.4 kW/EV to 1.6–2.9 kW/EV. These values are essential to guide long-term decisions such as optimal sizing of charging infrastructure and parking policies.

AB - Electric vehicle (EV) charging is widely studied in the scientific literature. However, there seems to be a notable research gap regarding the charging power limitations of the on-board chargers of the EVs. In this paper, the present state of the maximum charging powers of the on-board chargers is thoroughly analysed using data from two commercial charging sites. Furthermore, the results of the analysis are used along with an EV fleet development model to form realistic future scenarios, which are then used for a simulation model that couples the charging sessions with measured charging profiles. The results of the simulations show that, due to the evolution of the EV fleet, the average energy consumption in commercial locations will increase by 134% on average from 5.6 to 8.7 kWh/EV to 13.0–19.6 kWh/EV during 2020–2040. Similarly, the peak of the normalized power increases by 77% on average from 1.1 to 1.4 kW/EV to 1.6–2.9 kW/EV. These values are essential to guide long-term decisions such as optimal sizing of charging infrastructure and parking policies.

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KW - Electric vehicles

KW - Parking policy

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Charging powers of the electric vehicle fleet: Evolution and implications at commercial charging sites

Abstract

Funding

UN SDGs

Keywords

Access to Document

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