Comparison of runaway electron generation parameters in small, medium-sized and large tokamaks - A survey of experiments in COMPASS, TCV, ASDEX-Upgrade and JET

V.V. Plyusnin; C. Reux; V.G. Kiptily; G. Pautasso; J. Decker; G. Papp; A. Kallenbach; V. Weinzettl; J. Mlynar; S. Coda; V. Riccardo; P. Lomas; S. Jachmich; A. E. Shevelev; B. Alper; E. Khilkevitch; Y. Martin; R. Dux; C. Fuchs; B. Duval; M. Brix; G. Tardini; M. Maraschek; W. Treutterer; L. Giannone; A. Mlynek; O. Ficker; P. Martin; S. Gerasimov; S. Potzel; R. Paprok; P.J. McCarthy; U. Kruezi; Antti Hakola; Leena Aho-Mantila; Juuso Karhunen; Antti Salmi; Tuomas Tala; Markus Airila; Seppo Koivuranta; Jari Likonen; Paula Sirén; COMPASS team; TCV team; ASDEX Upgrade Team; EUROfusion MST1 Team; JET Contributors

doi:10.1088/1741-4326/aa8f05

Comparison of runaway electron generation parameters in small, medium-sized and large tokamaks - A survey of experiments in COMPASS, TCV, ASDEX-Upgrade and JET

V.V. Plyusnin^*
, C. Reux
, V.G. Kiptily
, G. Pautasso
, J. Decker
, G. Papp
, A. Kallenbach
, V. Weinzettl
, J. Mlynar
, S. Coda
, V. Riccardo
, P. Lomas
, S. Jachmich
, A. E. Shevelev
, B. Alper
, E. Khilkevitch
, Y. Martin
, R. Dux
, C. Fuchs
, B. Duval

M. Brix, G. Tardini, M. Maraschek, W. Treutterer, L. Giannone, A. Mlynek, O. Ficker, P. Martin, S. Gerasimov, S. Potzel, R. Paprok, P.J. McCarthy, U. Kruezi, Antti Hakola, Leena Aho-Mantila, Juuso Karhunen, Antti Salmi, Tuomas Tala, Markus Airila, Seppo Koivuranta, Jari Likonen, Paula Sirén, COMPASS team, TCV team, ASDEX Upgrade Team, EUROfusion MST1 Team, JET Contributors

^*Corresponding author for this work

Universidade de Lisboa
Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA)
Culham Science Centre
Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik (IPP)
Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)
Czech Academy of Sciences
École Royale Militaire
Ioffe Institute
National Research Council (CNR)
University College Cork
Aalto University
University of Helsinki
Seoul National University
Institute of Plasma Physics (ASIPP CAS)
Chalmers University of Technology

Research output: Contribution to journal › Review Article › peer-review

21 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

This paper presents a survey of the experiments on runaway electrons (RE) carried out recently in frames of EUROFusion Consortium in different tokamaks: COMPASS, ASDEX-Upgrade, TCV and JET. Massive gas injection (MGI) has been used in different scenarios for RE generation in small and medium-sized tokamaks to elaborate the most efficient and reliable ones for future RE experiments. New data on RE generated at disruptions in COMPASS and ASDEX-Upgrade was collected and added to the JET database. Different accessible parameters of disruptions, such as current quench rate, conversion rate of plasma current into runaways, etc have been analysed for each tokamak and compared to JET data. It was shown, that tokamaks with larger geometrical sizes provide the wider limits for spatial and temporal variation of plasma parameters during disruptions, thus extending the parameter space for RE generation. The second part of experiments was dedicated to study of RE generation in stationary discharges in COMPASS, TCV and JET. Injection of Ne/Ar have been used to mock-up the JET MGI runaway suppression experiments. Secondary RE avalanching was identified and quantified for the first time in the TCV tokamak in RE generating discharges after massive Ne injection. Simulations of the primary RE generation and secondary avalanching dynamics in stationary discharges has demonstrated that RE current fraction created via avalanching could achieve up to 70-75% of the total plasma current in TCV. Relaxations which are reminiscent the phenomena associated to the kinetic instability driven by RE have been detected in RE discharges in TCV. Macroscopic parameters of RE dominating discharges in TCV before and after onset of the instability fit well to the empirical instability criterion, which was established in the early tokamaks and examined by results of recent numerical simulations.

Original language	English
Article number	016014
Journal	Nuclear Fusion
Volume	58
Issue number	1
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/aa8f05
Publication status	Published - Jan 2018
MoE publication type	A2 Review article in a scientific journal

Funding

This work has been carried out within the framework of the EUROFusion Consortium and has received funding from the EURATOM research and training programme 2014– 2018 under grant agreement No 633053. IST activities also received financial support from “Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia” through project UID/FIS/50010/2013. A.E. Shevelev and E.M. Khilkevitch are grateful for financial support from the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation (Agreement No.14.619.21.0001, 15.08.2014, id RFMEFI61914X0001). The experiments on COMPASS were supported by the MEYS CR project No. LM2015045.

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

SDG 7 Affordable and Clean Energy

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10.1088/1741-4326/aa8f05

Cite this

Plyusnin, V. V., Reux, C., Kiptily, V. G., Pautasso, G., Decker, J., Papp, G., Kallenbach, A., Weinzettl, V., Mlynar, J., Coda, S., Riccardo, V., Lomas, P., Jachmich, S., Shevelev, A. E., Alper, B., Khilkevitch, E., Martin, Y., Dux, R., Fuchs, C., ... JET Contributors (2018). Comparison of runaway electron generation parameters in small, medium-sized and large tokamaks - A survey of experiments in COMPASS, TCV, ASDEX-Upgrade and JET. Nuclear Fusion, 58(1), Article 016014. https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/aa8f05

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title = "Comparison of runaway electron generation parameters in small, medium-sized and large tokamaks - A survey of experiments in COMPASS, TCV, ASDEX-Upgrade and JET",

abstract = "This paper presents a survey of the experiments on runaway electrons (RE) carried out recently in frames of EUROFusion Consortium in different tokamaks: COMPASS, ASDEX-Upgrade, TCV and JET. Massive gas injection (MGI) has been used in different scenarios for RE generation in small and medium-sized tokamaks to elaborate the most efficient and reliable ones for future RE experiments. New data on RE generated at disruptions in COMPASS and ASDEX-Upgrade was collected and added to the JET database. Different accessible parameters of disruptions, such as current quench rate, conversion rate of plasma current into runaways, etc have been analysed for each tokamak and compared to JET data. It was shown, that tokamaks with larger geometrical sizes provide the wider limits for spatial and temporal variation of plasma parameters during disruptions, thus extending the parameter space for RE generation. The second part of experiments was dedicated to study of RE generation in stationary discharges in COMPASS, TCV and JET. Injection of Ne/Ar have been used to mock-up the JET MGI runaway suppression experiments. Secondary RE avalanching was identified and quantified for the first time in the TCV tokamak in RE generating discharges after massive Ne injection. Simulations of the primary RE generation and secondary avalanching dynamics in stationary discharges has demonstrated that RE current fraction created via avalanching could achieve up to 70-75\% of the total plasma current in TCV. Relaxations which are reminiscent the phenomena associated to the kinetic instability driven by RE have been detected in RE discharges in TCV. Macroscopic parameters of RE dominating discharges in TCV before and after onset of the instability fit well to the empirical instability criterion, which was established in the early tokamaks and examined by results of recent numerical simulations.",

author = "V.V. Plyusnin and C. Reux and V.G. Kiptily and G. Pautasso and J. Decker and G. Papp and A. Kallenbach and V. Weinzettl and J. Mlynar and S. Coda and V. Riccardo and P. Lomas and S. Jachmich and Shevelev, \{A. E.\} and B. Alper and E. Khilkevitch and Y. Martin and R. Dux and C. Fuchs and B. Duval and M. Brix and G. Tardini and M. Maraschek and W. Treutterer and L. Giannone and A. Mlynek and O. Ficker and P. Martin and S. Gerasimov and S. Potzel and R. Paprok and P.J. McCarthy and U. Kruezi and Antti Hakola and Leena Aho-Mantila and Juuso Karhunen and A. Lahtinen and Y. Liu and Antti Salmi and Tuomas Tala and Markus Airila and A. J{\"a}rvinen and H.T. Kim and H.S. Kim and Seppo Koivuranta and Jari Likonen and Y. Liu and T. Makkonen and H. Nordman and M.I.K. Santala and Paula Sir{\'e}n and \{COMPASS team\} and \{TCV team\} and \{ASDEX Upgrade Team\} and \{EUROfusion MST1 Team\} and \{JET Contributors\}",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2017 Instituto Superior Tecnico.",

year = "2018",

month = jan,

doi = "10.1088/1741-4326/aa8f05",

language = "English",

volume = "58",

journal = "Nuclear Fusion",

issn = "0029-5515",

publisher = "Institute of Physics IOP",

number = "1",

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Plyusnin, VV, Reux, C, Kiptily, VG, Pautasso, G, Decker, J, Papp, G, Kallenbach, A, Weinzettl, V, Mlynar, J, Coda, S, Riccardo, V, Lomas, P, Jachmich, S, Shevelev, AE, Alper, B, Khilkevitch, E, Martin, Y, Dux, R, Fuchs, C, Duval, B, Brix, M, Tardini, G, Maraschek, M, Treutterer, W, Giannone, L, Mlynek, A, Ficker, O, Martin, P, Gerasimov, S, Potzel, S, Paprok, R, McCarthy, PJ, Kruezi, U, Hakola, A , Aho-Mantila, L , Karhunen, J , Salmi, A , Tala, T , Airila, M, Koivuranta, S, Likonen, J, Sirén, P, COMPASS team, TCV team, ASDEX Upgrade Team, EUROfusion MST1 Team & JET Contributors 2018, 'Comparison of runaway electron generation parameters in small, medium-sized and large tokamaks - A survey of experiments in COMPASS, TCV, ASDEX-Upgrade and JET', Nuclear Fusion, vol. 58, no. 1, 016014. https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/aa8f05

TY - JOUR

T1 - Comparison of runaway electron generation parameters in small, medium-sized and large tokamaks - A survey of experiments in COMPASS, TCV, ASDEX-Upgrade and JET

AU - Plyusnin, V.V.

AU - Reux, C.

AU - Kiptily, V.G.

AU - Pautasso, G.

AU - Decker, J.

AU - Papp, G.

AU - Kallenbach, A.

AU - Weinzettl, V.

AU - Mlynar, J.

AU - Coda, S.

AU - Riccardo, V.

AU - Lomas, P.

AU - Jachmich, S.

AU - Shevelev, A. E.

AU - Alper, B.

AU - Khilkevitch, E.

AU - Martin, Y.

AU - Dux, R.

AU - Fuchs, C.

AU - Duval, B.

AU - Brix, M.

AU - Tardini, G.

AU - Maraschek, M.

AU - Treutterer, W.

AU - Giannone, L.

AU - Mlynek, A.

AU - Ficker, O.

AU - Martin, P.

AU - Gerasimov, S.

AU - Potzel, S.

AU - Paprok, R.

AU - McCarthy, P.J.

AU - Kruezi, U.

AU - Hakola, Antti

AU - Aho-Mantila, Leena

AU - Karhunen, Juuso

AU - Lahtinen, A.

AU - Liu, Y.

AU - Salmi, Antti

AU - Tala, Tuomas

AU - Airila, Markus

AU - Järvinen, A.

AU - Kim, H.T.

AU - Kim, H.S.

AU - Koivuranta, Seppo

AU - Likonen, Jari

AU - Liu, Y.

AU - Makkonen, T.

AU - Nordman, H.

AU - Santala, M.I.K.

AU - Sirén, Paula

AU - COMPASS team

AU - TCV team

AU - ASDEX Upgrade Team

AU - EUROfusion MST1 Team

AU - JET Contributors

PY - 2018/1

Y1 - 2018/1

N2 - This paper presents a survey of the experiments on runaway electrons (RE) carried out recently in frames of EUROFusion Consortium in different tokamaks: COMPASS, ASDEX-Upgrade, TCV and JET. Massive gas injection (MGI) has been used in different scenarios for RE generation in small and medium-sized tokamaks to elaborate the most efficient and reliable ones for future RE experiments. New data on RE generated at disruptions in COMPASS and ASDEX-Upgrade was collected and added to the JET database. Different accessible parameters of disruptions, such as current quench rate, conversion rate of plasma current into runaways, etc have been analysed for each tokamak and compared to JET data. It was shown, that tokamaks with larger geometrical sizes provide the wider limits for spatial and temporal variation of plasma parameters during disruptions, thus extending the parameter space for RE generation. The second part of experiments was dedicated to study of RE generation in stationary discharges in COMPASS, TCV and JET. Injection of Ne/Ar have been used to mock-up the JET MGI runaway suppression experiments. Secondary RE avalanching was identified and quantified for the first time in the TCV tokamak in RE generating discharges after massive Ne injection. Simulations of the primary RE generation and secondary avalanching dynamics in stationary discharges has demonstrated that RE current fraction created via avalanching could achieve up to 70-75% of the total plasma current in TCV. Relaxations which are reminiscent the phenomena associated to the kinetic instability driven by RE have been detected in RE discharges in TCV. Macroscopic parameters of RE dominating discharges in TCV before and after onset of the instability fit well to the empirical instability criterion, which was established in the early tokamaks and examined by results of recent numerical simulations.

AB - This paper presents a survey of the experiments on runaway electrons (RE) carried out recently in frames of EUROFusion Consortium in different tokamaks: COMPASS, ASDEX-Upgrade, TCV and JET. Massive gas injection (MGI) has been used in different scenarios for RE generation in small and medium-sized tokamaks to elaborate the most efficient and reliable ones for future RE experiments. New data on RE generated at disruptions in COMPASS and ASDEX-Upgrade was collected and added to the JET database. Different accessible parameters of disruptions, such as current quench rate, conversion rate of plasma current into runaways, etc have been analysed for each tokamak and compared to JET data. It was shown, that tokamaks with larger geometrical sizes provide the wider limits for spatial and temporal variation of plasma parameters during disruptions, thus extending the parameter space for RE generation. The second part of experiments was dedicated to study of RE generation in stationary discharges in COMPASS, TCV and JET. Injection of Ne/Ar have been used to mock-up the JET MGI runaway suppression experiments. Secondary RE avalanching was identified and quantified for the first time in the TCV tokamak in RE generating discharges after massive Ne injection. Simulations of the primary RE generation and secondary avalanching dynamics in stationary discharges has demonstrated that RE current fraction created via avalanching could achieve up to 70-75% of the total plasma current in TCV. Relaxations which are reminiscent the phenomena associated to the kinetic instability driven by RE have been detected in RE discharges in TCV. Macroscopic parameters of RE dominating discharges in TCV before and after onset of the instability fit well to the empirical instability criterion, which was established in the early tokamaks and examined by results of recent numerical simulations.

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85038616134

U2 - 10.1088/1741-4326/aa8f05

DO - 10.1088/1741-4326/aa8f05

M3 - Review Article

AN - SCOPUS:85038616134

SN - 0029-5515

VL - 58

JO - Nuclear Fusion

JF - Nuclear Fusion

IS - 1

M1 - 016014

ER -

Comparison of runaway electron generation parameters in small, medium-sized and large tokamaks - A survey of experiments in COMPASS, TCV, ASDEX-Upgrade and JET

Abstract

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