Computer simulation of marine ice accretion

Marine icing can arguably be considered to be the primogenitor of icing problems, having occasioned grief to mariners long before aircraft or electrical transmission lines were invented. Adopting an historical perspective, we elucidate the nature of the phenomenon and the scientific and engineering approaches which have been embraced to mitigate it. With a view to encouraging other scientists to address this problem, we also identify the critical knowledge gaps which stand in the way of a final solution, paying particular attention to recent developments and future trends in numerical modelling and wind–tunnel experimentation.