Abstract
It has been shown that the modication of carbohydrate intake affects the
postprandial glucose and/or insulin responses, but little is known about the
longer-term effects of different cereal products on insulin secretion and
sensitivity and glucose effectiveness in peripheral tissues.In the present
study the intake of carbohydrates was modified by replacing almost all bread
cereals in the diet with high-fiber rye and white wheat breads in a randomized
crossover trial.The subjects were 20 postmenopausal women, 59 + 6.0 years
old, BMI 27.5 + 2.9 kg/m2 and baseline fS-cholesterol 6.5 + 0.8 mmol/L.Three
of the subjects had impaired glucose tolerance as determined by a 2-hour oral
glucose tolerance test.After a 2-3-week run-in period the women were divided
into two groups and advised to consume either rye bread or wheat bread for 8
weeks.After an 8-week wash-out period, the groups were reversed.Fasting blood
samples were collected for the determination of plasma glucose and insulin at
the beginning and at the end of both bread periods.The frequently sampled
intravenous glucose tolerance test was performed at the run-in and at the end
of both bread periods.Acute insulin response (AIR) was calculated from the
area under the insulin curve above the baseline level from 0 to 10 minutes.
Insulin sensitivity (SI) and glucose effectiveness (SG) were calculated with
the Minmod program (Pacini et al., 1986).There were no differences in body
weight, intake of energy or reported frequency of exercise among the run-in
and bread periods.The rye bread made up 23.4 + 4.3 % and wheat bread 26.7 +
8.2 % from the total intake of energy.The intake of fiber from the breads was
35.5 + 7.3 g and 4.7 + 1.0 g during the rye and wheat bread periods,
respectively.The analysis of proportional changes in AIR during the rye bread
period compared to run-in (9.9 + 24.2%) and during the wheat bread period
compared to run-in (2.8 + 36.3%) tended to be significantly different (P =
0.062).In pairwise comparisons only the consumption of rye bread increased AIR
(P = 0.033).The consumption of wheat bread did not affect any of the
variables studied.The present study indicates that modification of the
carbohydrate intake by high-fiber rye bread may improve acute insulin
secretion, but does not alter peripheral insulin sensitivity, glucose
effectiveness or fasting concentrations of plasma glucose and insulin in
postmenopausal hypercholesterolemic women.
Original language | English |
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Title of host publication | Whole Grain and Human Health: International Symposium |
Subtitle of host publication | Abstracts |
Place of Publication | Espoo |
Publisher | VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland |
Pages | 134-135 |
ISBN (Electronic) | 951-38-5719-0 |
ISBN (Print) | 951-38-5718-2 |
Publication status | Published - 2001 |
MoE publication type | Not Eligible |
Event | Whole Grain and Human Health: International Symposium - Porvoo, Finland Duration: 13 Jun 2001 → 15 Jun 2001 |
Publication series
Series | VTT Symposium |
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Number | 213 |
ISSN | 0357-9387 |
Conference
Conference | Whole Grain and Human Health: International Symposium |
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Country/Territory | Finland |
City | Porvoo |
Period | 13/06/01 → 15/06/01 |