TY - BOOK
T1 - Cooperative learning and adults
AU - Korpela, Eija
PY - 1992
Y1 - 1992
N2 - Cooperative learning means using small groups so that
individuals work together
to
maximize their own and each other's productivity and
achievement - group
learning
with cooperation. The questions posed in this review
are: What are the key
elements
to be implemented when using cooperative learning with
adults? Are the
principles and
methods of cooperative learning effective and efficient
in adult learning
according to
research results? What are the experiences of
cooperative learning with adult
learners?
This review surveys the current literature on theoretical
explanations of why
this type
of cooperation might work, analyzes the needed elements
in the groups, and
describes
and compares nine common approaches to cooperative
learning. In the review of
research, the main studies are surveyed that report
results on the impact of
cooperative
learning with adults as subjects are surveyed. Then
follows the review of
practical
experiences which concern using cooperative learning
approaches with adult
learners.
The key elements to be implemented with adult learners
are, in principle, the
same as
with children: positive interdependence, individual
accountability,
face-to-face
interaction, careful grouping of participants, and
appropriate use (and, if
needed,
learning) of social skills for cooperation. The amount
and focus of research
studies
conducted to date do not warrant firm conclusions of how
to apply these. Most
of the
research results on learning outcomes support use of
cooperative approach.
High-
ability participants with poor social skills, however,
show greater achievement
when
studying individually.
Most of the cooperative learning experiences with adults
are in school-type
settings:
military academies, colleges and universities, and
long-term adult basic skills
training
programs. There are very few experiences in business and
industry. The
success of
the experimentations seems to depend on how carefully all
the elements of
cooperative
learning were implemented in the particular situation.
AB - Cooperative learning means using small groups so that
individuals work together
to
maximize their own and each other's productivity and
achievement - group
learning
with cooperation. The questions posed in this review
are: What are the key
elements
to be implemented when using cooperative learning with
adults? Are the
principles and
methods of cooperative learning effective and efficient
in adult learning
according to
research results? What are the experiences of
cooperative learning with adult
learners?
This review surveys the current literature on theoretical
explanations of why
this type
of cooperation might work, analyzes the needed elements
in the groups, and
describes
and compares nine common approaches to cooperative
learning. In the review of
research, the main studies are surveyed that report
results on the impact of
cooperative
learning with adults as subjects are surveyed. Then
follows the review of
practical
experiences which concern using cooperative learning
approaches with adult
learners.
The key elements to be implemented with adult learners
are, in principle, the
same as
with children: positive interdependence, individual
accountability,
face-to-face
interaction, careful grouping of participants, and
appropriate use (and, if
needed,
learning) of social skills for cooperation. The amount
and focus of research
studies
conducted to date do not warrant firm conclusions of how
to apply these. Most
of the
research results on learning outcomes support use of
cooperative approach.
High-
ability participants with poor social skills, however,
show greater achievement
when
studying individually.
Most of the cooperative learning experiences with adults
are in school-type
settings:
military academies, colleges and universities, and
long-term adult basic skills
training
programs. There are very few experiences in business and
industry. The
success of
the experimentations seems to depend on how carefully all
the elements of
cooperative
learning were implemented in the particular situation.
KW - cooperative learning
KW - adults
KW - groups
KW - interdependence
M3 - Report
SN - 951-38-4200-2
T3 - VTT Tiedotteita - Meddelanden - Research Notes
BT - Cooperative learning and adults
PB - VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland
CY - Espoo
ER -