TY - JOUR
T1 - Creating a Circular City
T2 - An analysis of potential transportation, energy and food solutions in a case district
AU - Paiho, Satu
AU - Wessberg, Nina
AU - Pippuri-Mäkeläinen, Jenni
AU - Mäki, Elina
AU - Sokka, Laura
AU - Parviainen, Tuure
AU - Nikinmaa, Markus
AU - Siikavirta, Hanne
AU - Paavola, Martta
AU - Antikainen, Maria
AU - Heikkilä, Jouko
AU - Hajduk, Petr
AU - Laurikko, Juhani
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was mainly funded by VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd and partly, by Academy of Finland, decision number 289338.
Funding Information:
This work was mainly funded by VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd and partly, by Academy of Finland , decision number 289338.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2020 Elsevier Ltd
Copyright:
Copyright 2020 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
PY - 2021/1
Y1 - 2021/1
N2 - Circular economy plays a central role in cities on a strategical level. However, concrete circularity plans and actions remain rare. This paper examines how a city district could target circularity with transportation, energy and food solutions. The analysis is performed for an existing case district in a planning phase. The aim is to provide real concrete examples. Firstly, technological alternatives and their energy and carbon emissions are analyzed numerically. Secondly, service solutions for each technology are suggested. Thirdly, relevant regulations are framed.In the analyzed district, high-level circulation of urban streams is unlikely to occur. Almost carbon-free transportation is possible, resulting in extensive increase in local electricity demand. Locally produced biogas would contribute about 20% of the gas demand of the most advanced transportation scenario. None of the several energy production alternatives would lead to local energy self-sufficiency. Waste heat recovery from a data center and a wastewater treatment plant could supply 58% of the heat demand. 6% of the food consumed could be produced locally.The paper highlights the importance of considering interlinkages between different streams and sectors, revealing the complexity of a circular city. The analysis demonstrates that circularity in this district is possible, but requires multidisciplinary analysis.
AB - Circular economy plays a central role in cities on a strategical level. However, concrete circularity plans and actions remain rare. This paper examines how a city district could target circularity with transportation, energy and food solutions. The analysis is performed for an existing case district in a planning phase. The aim is to provide real concrete examples. Firstly, technological alternatives and their energy and carbon emissions are analyzed numerically. Secondly, service solutions for each technology are suggested. Thirdly, relevant regulations are framed.In the analyzed district, high-level circulation of urban streams is unlikely to occur. Almost carbon-free transportation is possible, resulting in extensive increase in local electricity demand. Locally produced biogas would contribute about 20% of the gas demand of the most advanced transportation scenario. None of the several energy production alternatives would lead to local energy self-sufficiency. Waste heat recovery from a data center and a wastewater treatment plant could supply 58% of the heat demand. 6% of the food consumed could be produced locally.The paper highlights the importance of considering interlinkages between different streams and sectors, revealing the complexity of a circular city. The analysis demonstrates that circularity in this district is possible, but requires multidisciplinary analysis.
KW - cities
KW - circular economy
KW - city streams
KW - urban systems
KW - business models
KW - regulations
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85092893055&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.scs.2020.102529
DO - 10.1016/j.scs.2020.102529
M3 - Article
SN - 2210-6707
VL - 64
JO - Sustainable Cities and Society
JF - Sustainable Cities and Society
M1 - 102529
ER -
