Demonstration of MHz frequency domain multiplexing readout of 37 transition edge sensors for high-resolution x-ray imaging spectrometers

H. Akamatsu*, D. Vaccaro, L. Gottardi, J. Van Der Kuur, C. P. De Vries, Mikko Kiviranta, K. Ravensberg, M. D'Andrea, E. Taralli, M. De Wit, M. P. Bruijn, P. Van Der Hulst, R. H. Den Hartog, B. J. Van Leeuwen, A. J. Van Der Linden, A. J. McCalden, K. Nagayoshi, A. C.T. Nieuwenhuizen, M. L. Ridder, S. VisserP. Van Winden, J. R. Gao, R. W.M. Hoogeveen, B. D. Jackson, J. W.A. Den Herder

*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journalArticleScientificpeer-review

21 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

We report on the development and demonstration of MHz frequency domain multiplexing (FDM) technology to readout arrays of cryogenic transition edge sensor (TES) x-ray microcalorimeters. In our FDM scheme, TESs are AC biased at different resonant frequencies in the low MHz range through an array of high-Q LC resonators. The current signals of all TESs are summed at superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs). We have demonstrated multiplexing for a readout of 31 pixels using room temperature electronics, high-Q LC filters, and TES arrays developed at SRON, and SQUID arrays from VTT. We repeated this on a second setup with 37 pixels. The summed x-ray spectral resolutions @ 5.9 keV are Δ E 31 pix MUX = 2.14 ± 0.03 eV and Δ E 37 pix MUX = 2.23 ± 0.03 eV. The demonstrated results are comparable with other multiplexing approaches. There is potential to further improve the spectral resolution, to increase the number of multiplexed TESs, and to open up applications for TES x-ray microcalorimeters.

Original languageEnglish
Article number182601
JournalApplied Physics Letters
Volume119
Issue number18
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 2 Nov 2021
MoE publication typeA1 Journal article-refereed

Funding

SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research is supported financially by NWO, the Dutch Research Council. This work was funded partly by NWO under the research programme Athena with Project No. 184.034.002 and partly by the European Space Agency (ESA) under ESA CTP Contract No. 4000130346/20/NL/BW/os.

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