Demonstration of MHz frequency domain multiplexing readout of 37 transition edge sensors for high-resolution x-ray imaging spectrometers

H. Akamatsu; D. Vaccaro; L. Gottardi; J. Van Der Kuur; C. P. De Vries; Mikko Kiviranta; K. Ravensberg; M. D'Andrea; E. Taralli; M. De Wit; M. P. Bruijn; P. Van Der Hulst; R. H. Den Hartog; B. J. Van Leeuwen; A. J. Van Der Linden; A. J. McCalden; K. Nagayoshi; A. C.T. Nieuwenhuizen; M. L. Ridder; S. Visser; P. Van Winden; J. R. Gao; R. W.M. Hoogeveen; B. D. Jackson; J. W.A. Den Herder

doi:10.1063/5.0066240

Demonstration of MHz frequency domain multiplexing readout of 37 transition edge sensors for high-resolution x-ray imaging spectrometers

H. Akamatsu (Corresponding Author), D. Vaccaro, L. Gottardi, J. Van Der Kuur, C. P. De Vries, Mikko Kiviranta, K. Ravensberg, M. D'Andrea, E. Taralli, M. De Wit, M. P. Bruijn, P. Van Der Hulst, R. H. Den Hartog, B. J. Van Leeuwen, A. J. Van Der Linden, A. J. McCalden, K. Nagayoshi, A. C.T. Nieuwenhuizen, M. L. Ridder, S. VisserP. Van Winden, J. R. Gao, R. W.M. Hoogeveen, B. D. Jackson, J. W.A. Den Herder

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Abstract

We report on the development and demonstration of MHz frequency domain multiplexing (FDM) technology to readout arrays of cryogenic transition edge sensor (TES) x-ray microcalorimeters. In our FDM scheme, TESs are AC biased at different resonant frequencies in the low MHz range through an array of high-Q LC resonators. The current signals of all TESs are summed at superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs). We have demonstrated multiplexing for a readout of 31 pixels using room temperature electronics, high-Q LC filters, and TES arrays developed at SRON, and SQUID arrays from VTT. We repeated this on a second setup with 37 pixels. The summed x-ray spectral resolutions @ 5.9 keV are Δ E 31 pix MUX = 2.14 ± 0.03 eV and Δ E 37 pix MUX = 2.23 ± 0.03 eV. The demonstrated results are comparable with other multiplexing approaches. There is potential to further improve the spectral resolution, to increase the number of multiplexed TESs, and to open up applications for TES x-ray microcalorimeters.

Original language	English
Article number	182601
Journal	Applied Physics Letters
Volume	119
Issue number	18
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0066240
Publication status	Published - 2 Nov 2021
MoE publication type	A1 Journal article-refereed

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Akamatsu, H., Vaccaro, D., Gottardi, L., Van Der Kuur, J., De Vries, C. P., Kiviranta, M., Ravensberg, K., D'Andrea, M., Taralli, E., De Wit, M., Bruijn, M. P., Van Der Hulst, P., Den Hartog, R. H., Van Leeuwen, B. J., Van Der Linden, A. J., McCalden, A. J., Nagayoshi, K., Nieuwenhuizen, A. C. T., Ridder, M. L., ... Den Herder, J. W. A. (2021). Demonstration of MHz frequency domain multiplexing readout of 37 transition edge sensors for high-resolution x-ray imaging spectrometers. Applied Physics Letters, 119(18), [182601]. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0066240

@article{a31c47e7044e4f87bb60c134118f454a,

title = "Demonstration of MHz frequency domain multiplexing readout of 37 transition edge sensors for high-resolution x-ray imaging spectrometers",

abstract = "We report on the development and demonstration of MHz frequency domain multiplexing (FDM) technology to readout arrays of cryogenic transition edge sensor (TES) x-ray microcalorimeters. In our FDM scheme, TESs are AC biased at different resonant frequencies in the low MHz range through an array of high-Q LC resonators. The current signals of all TESs are summed at superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs). We have demonstrated multiplexing for a readout of 31 pixels using room temperature electronics, high-Q LC filters, and TES arrays developed at SRON, and SQUID arrays from VTT. We repeated this on a second setup with 37 pixels. The summed x-ray spectral resolutions @ 5.9 keV are Δ E 31 pix MUX = 2.14 ± 0.03 eV and Δ E 37 pix MUX = 2.23 ± 0.03 eV. The demonstrated results are comparable with other multiplexing approaches. There is potential to further improve the spectral resolution, to increase the number of multiplexed TESs, and to open up applications for TES x-ray microcalorimeters.",

author = "H. Akamatsu and D. Vaccaro and L. Gottardi and {Van Der Kuur}, J. and {De Vries}, {C. P.} and Mikko Kiviranta and K. Ravensberg and M. D'Andrea and E. Taralli and {De Wit}, M. and Bruijn, {M. P.} and {Van Der Hulst}, P. and {Den Hartog}, {R. H.} and {Van Leeuwen}, {B. J.} and {Van Der Linden}, {A. J.} and McCalden, {A. J.} and K. Nagayoshi and Nieuwenhuizen, {A. C.T.} and Ridder, {M. L.} and S. Visser and {Van Winden}, P. and Gao, {J. R.} and Hoogeveen, {R. W.M.} and Jackson, {B. D.} and {Den Herder}, {J. W.A.}",

note = "Funding Information: SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research is supported financially by NWO, the Dutch Research Council. This work was funded partly by NWO under the research programme Athena with Project No. 184.034.002 and partly by the European Space Agency (ESA) under ESA CTP Contract No. 4000130346/20/NL/BW/os. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2021 Author(s).",

year = "2021",

month = nov,

day = "2",

doi = "10.1063/5.0066240",

language = "English",

volume = "119",

journal = "Applied Physics Letters",

issn = "0003-6951",

publisher = "American Institute of Physics (AIP)",

number = "18",

}

Akamatsu, H, Vaccaro, D, Gottardi, L, Van Der Kuur, J, De Vries, CP, Kiviranta, M, Ravensberg, K, D'Andrea, M, Taralli, E, De Wit, M, Bruijn, MP, Van Der Hulst, P, Den Hartog, RH, Van Leeuwen, BJ, Van Der Linden, AJ, McCalden, AJ, Nagayoshi, K, Nieuwenhuizen, ACT, Ridder, ML, Visser, S, Van Winden, P, Gao, JR, Hoogeveen, RWM, Jackson, BD & Den Herder, JWA 2021, 'Demonstration of MHz frequency domain multiplexing readout of 37 transition edge sensors for high-resolution x-ray imaging spectrometers', Applied Physics Letters, vol. 119, no. 18, 182601. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0066240

TY - JOUR

T1 - Demonstration of MHz frequency domain multiplexing readout of 37 transition edge sensors for high-resolution x-ray imaging spectrometers

AU - Akamatsu, H.

AU - Vaccaro, D.

AU - Gottardi, L.

AU - Van Der Kuur, J.

AU - De Vries, C. P.

AU - Kiviranta, Mikko

AU - Ravensberg, K.

AU - D'Andrea, M.

AU - Taralli, E.

AU - De Wit, M.

AU - Bruijn, M. P.

AU - Van Der Hulst, P.

AU - Den Hartog, R. H.

AU - Van Leeuwen, B. J.

AU - Van Der Linden, A. J.

AU - McCalden, A. J.

AU - Nagayoshi, K.

AU - Nieuwenhuizen, A. C.T.

AU - Ridder, M. L.

AU - Visser, S.

AU - Van Winden, P.

AU - Gao, J. R.

AU - Hoogeveen, R. W.M.

AU - Jackson, B. D.

AU - Den Herder, J. W.A.

N1 - Funding Information: SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research is supported financially by NWO, the Dutch Research Council. This work was funded partly by NWO under the research programme Athena with Project No. 184.034.002 and partly by the European Space Agency (ESA) under ESA CTP Contract No. 4000130346/20/NL/BW/os. Publisher Copyright: © 2021 Author(s).

PY - 2021/11/2

Y1 - 2021/11/2

N2 - We report on the development and demonstration of MHz frequency domain multiplexing (FDM) technology to readout arrays of cryogenic transition edge sensor (TES) x-ray microcalorimeters. In our FDM scheme, TESs are AC biased at different resonant frequencies in the low MHz range through an array of high-Q LC resonators. The current signals of all TESs are summed at superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs). We have demonstrated multiplexing for a readout of 31 pixels using room temperature electronics, high-Q LC filters, and TES arrays developed at SRON, and SQUID arrays from VTT. We repeated this on a second setup with 37 pixels. The summed x-ray spectral resolutions @ 5.9 keV are Δ E 31 pix MUX = 2.14 ± 0.03 eV and Δ E 37 pix MUX = 2.23 ± 0.03 eV. The demonstrated results are comparable with other multiplexing approaches. There is potential to further improve the spectral resolution, to increase the number of multiplexed TESs, and to open up applications for TES x-ray microcalorimeters.

AB - We report on the development and demonstration of MHz frequency domain multiplexing (FDM) technology to readout arrays of cryogenic transition edge sensor (TES) x-ray microcalorimeters. In our FDM scheme, TESs are AC biased at different resonant frequencies in the low MHz range through an array of high-Q LC resonators. The current signals of all TESs are summed at superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs). We have demonstrated multiplexing for a readout of 31 pixels using room temperature electronics, high-Q LC filters, and TES arrays developed at SRON, and SQUID arrays from VTT. We repeated this on a second setup with 37 pixels. The summed x-ray spectral resolutions @ 5.9 keV are Δ E 31 pix MUX = 2.14 ± 0.03 eV and Δ E 37 pix MUX = 2.23 ± 0.03 eV. The demonstrated results are comparable with other multiplexing approaches. There is potential to further improve the spectral resolution, to increase the number of multiplexed TESs, and to open up applications for TES x-ray microcalorimeters.

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85119011947&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1063/5.0066240

DO - 10.1063/5.0066240

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85119011947

VL - 119

JO - Applied Physics Letters

JF - Applied Physics Letters

SN - 0003-6951

IS - 18

M1 - 182601

ER -

Demonstration of MHz frequency domain multiplexing readout of 37 transition edge sensors for high-resolution x-ray imaging spectrometers

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