@article{e0a79e24ff1040c2bd84451889c71a16,
title = "Design, manufacturing, and operation of movable 2 × 10 kW size rSOC system",
abstract = "Reversible solid oxide cell (rSOC) technology enables both electricity generation for local demands and electricity conversion into hydrogen with high power-to-gas (AC to H2) efficiency. This work describes modeling and implementation of movable “10-feet container” size rSOC system in a pilot demonstration scale (10 kW SOEC/2 kW SOFC). The selected two-stack two-module system layout is the simplest option to investigate multi-module rSOC systems in various operation modes and conditions. Special attention is also paid to heat integration: heat losses are minimized with optimized BoP component design, placement, and insulation. Reversibility, dynamic operation, and methods for efficient transitions between SOFC and SOEC modes are investigated at a system level. The developed system is highly instrumented enabling detailed system analysis, for example, the calculation of enthalpy flows and efficiencies of all BoP components. Analyses of key parameters on the performance and efficiency are presented. To explore upscaling of rSOC systems, the effects of size and structure of stack modules on the reliability and maintenance of the entire system are investigated, and as a conclusion, the construction of multi-MW scale rSOC systems are recommended to be implemented with approximately 100 kW size stack modules.",
keywords = "electrolyzer, fuel cell, hydrogen production, power-to-gas, power-to-X, reversible high temperature solid oxide cell system, rSOC, SOEC, SOFC, solid oxide electrolyzer cell system, solid oxide fuel cell system",
author = "Ville Saarinen and Jari Pennanen and Mikko Kotisaari and Olivier Thomann and Olli Himanen and Iorio, {S. Di} and P. Hanoux and J. Aicart and K. Couturier and X. Sun and M. Chen and Sudireddy, {B. R.}",
note = "Funding Information: Reversible solid oxide cell, stack, and system research as a part of BALANCE EU project has been funded by H2020 under the grant agreement 731224. The development work for movable rSOC system has been done as a part of Finnish national Smart Otaniemi project. Funding Information: Reversible solid oxide cell, stack, and system research as a part of BALANCE EU project has been funded by H2020 under the grant agreement 731224. The development work for movable rSOC system has been done as a part of Finnish national Smart Otaniemi project. LIST OF SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS ? Efficiency / % ABU Afterburner AC Alternating current / A AEL Alkaline electrolysis BoP Balance of plant CGO Gadolinium doped ceria DC Direct current / A FEM Finite element method FU Fuel utilization / % HHV Higher heating value / MJ kg?1 LHV Lower heating value / MJ kg?1 LSC Lanthanum strontium cobaltite LSM Lanthanum strontium manganite MFC Mass flow controller p Pressure / Pa PEM Polymer electrolyte membrane PLC Programmable logic controller rSOC Reversible solid oxide electrolyser RTU Remote terminal unit SC Steam conversion SMR Steam methane reforming SOEC Solid oxide electrolyser cell SOFC Solid oxide fuel cell T Temperature / ?C TCP Transmission control protocol U Voltage / V UPS Uninterruptible power supply YSZ Yttria-stabilized zirconia Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2021 The Authors. Fuel Cells published by Wiley-VCH GmbH",
year = "2021",
month = oct,
doi = "10.1002/fuce.202100021",
language = "English",
volume = "21",
pages = "477--487",
journal = "Fuel Cells",
issn = "1615-6846",
publisher = "Wiley",
number = "5",
}
