Abstract
A simple model for the dynamic response of point-type
smoke detectors is described. The model is based on two
independent parameters: the characteristic length and the
static response threshold. Experimentally determined
values of the parameters for six commonly used point-type
smoke detectors are reported. In the tests the free
stream flow velocity was varied in the range of 0.2 0.8
m/s and the rate of rise of smoke density in the range of
0.1 2 dB/ms. The model parameters were determined from
the experimental data by using the least squares fitting
with regularisation. The characteristic length was found
to vary in the range of 2 10 m indicating a smoke entry
time constant in the range of 10 50 s at a flow rate of
0.2 m/s typical of smouldering fires. The response of
photoelectric detectors was described by the model
reasonably well. In the case of ionisation detectors,
significant deviations were found. A method of using the
model in fire safety engineering calculations is also
presented.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 395-407 |
| Journal | Fire Safety Journal |
| Volume | 37 |
| Issue number | 4 |
| DOIs | |
| Publication status | Published - 2002 |
| MoE publication type | A1 Journal article-refereed |
Keywords
- fire detection
- fire detectors
- fire detection systems
- fire prevention
- smoke
- smoke detectors