Developing the Factory of the Future Cybersecurity and Resilience

In this article, we have studied methods to improve the cybersecurity and resilience of Industry 4.0 and so-called factories of the future (FoF). In particular, we have focused on the technical aspects of protecting factories against cyber-attacks. More precisely, we review what factory assets need to be protected, how to detect anomalies that may indicate an ongoing cyberattack, how to mitigate cyberattacks against those assets, and how to initiate suitable countermeasures. Furthermore, we study how to recover factory assets after a cyberattack. We describe how software-defined networking, machine learning, and neural networks can be used to monitor factory assets, manage identities and control access to factory assets, detect adversarial attacks against artificial intelligence-embedded assets, and support resilient operations of future factories. These findings provide useful insights into design and operation of secure and resilient factories of the future.