Abstract
Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is acknowledged as an
important technology in cost-efficiently achieving the
required greenhouse gas emission reductions this century.
Combining biomass combustion with CCS (Bio-CCS; BECCS)
offers the possibility of "negative" CO2 emissions. In
the latest IPCC assessment, bio-CCS was found to have an
important role to play in climate change mitigation. Many
scenario models were not able to achieve the necessary
reduction in greenhouse gas concentration in the
atmosphere to 450 ppm CO2eq by 2100 if key technologies,
such as bioenergy, CCS, and their combination were
limitedly available (IPCC, 2014).
Chemical looping combustion (CLC) is a new technology
being developed that could be promising both for biomass
combustion and as a bio-CCS application. In chemical
looping combustion, the fuel is oxidized in two separate
reactors with solid metal oxide particles, called "oxygen
carriers", transporting the oxygen between the two
reactors. In the air reactor, the metal oxide particles
react with the oxygen in air, after which the particles
are transported to the fuel reactor, where they react
with the fuel. It is expected that high-temperature
corrosion problems can be significantly reduced in a
bio-CLC reactor as compared to a conventional biomass
furnace. This is because heat will be extracted mainly in
the exothermic air reactor, in which there will be no
alkali compounds present and very little fly ash. This
should in turn allow the use of higher steam parameters
in comparison to conventional biomass combustion, which
would improve the power generation efficiency.
In order to test and verify the benefits of bio-CLC, a
new dual fluidized bed (DFB) test rig applicable for
biomass was converted into a 10-50 kWth scale bio-CLC
test rig. The test rig is located at VTT's new piloting
centre Bioruukki in Finland and consists of a circulating
fluidized bed (CFB) air reactor interconnected with a
bubbling fluidized bed (BFB) fuel reactor. A set of tests
is currently being carried out using ilmenite as oxygen
carrier and wood pellets as fuel. The main objectives are
to study and optimize operation and process parameters
for CLC using biomass-based fuels with both high and low
volatile contents. In addition, deposit formation and
corrosion will be evaluated in order to evaluate the
possibility for improving power generation efficiency by
using enhanced steam parameters.
The research is carried out in the framework of two
research projects: the Carbon Capture and Storage R&D
Program (CCSP) with financial support from Tekes - the
Finnish Funding Agency for Innovation, and Nordic Energy
Research's flagship project "Negative CO2 Emissions with
Chemical Looping Combustion of Biomass".
Original language | English |
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Title of host publication | CO2 Summit II |
Subtitle of host publication | Technologies and Oppertunities |
Editors | Holly Krutka, Atorod Azizinamini, Frank Zu |
Publisher | Engineering Conferences International (ECI) |
ISBN (Print) | 978-1-5108-2441-6 |
Publication status | Published - 2016 |
MoE publication type | Not Eligible |
Event | CO2 Summit II: Technologies and Opportunities, - Santa Ana Pueblo, United States Duration: 10 Apr 2016 → 14 Apr 2016 |
Conference
Conference | CO2 Summit II: Technologies and Opportunities, |
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Country/Territory | United States |
City | Santa Ana Pueblo |
Period | 10/04/16 → 14/04/16 |
Keywords
- Bio-CCS
- CLC
- chemical looping combustion