Device Models for Josephson Field-Effect Transistors and for Superconducting Integrated Circuits

The superconducting transistor, or Josephson Field Effect Transistor (JoFET), is a versatile building block for ultra-low-power and high-energy-efficiency classical and quantum electronics. In a JoFET, the superconducting current is controlled by electrostatic gate voltage, which enables the scalability of solid-state quantum computers and the creation of next-generation superconducting integrated circuits (ICs) for energy-efficient computing. The development of JoFETs has so far been limited to single devices or a few-transistor circuits due to the lack of a reproducible technological platform. Here, we first report on technological progress of wafer-scale JoFET manufacturing, demonstrating a 98% JoFET device yield on our 150 mm pilot-line platform. Then, we present behavioral and physics-based transistor models - an important step toward designing of novel JoFET-based superconducting ICs. Our models have been implemented in both commercial and freeware circuit simulators. A Verilog-A model implementation is provided with this paper. Using the proposed models, we obtain a good description of JoFET experimental data, thus paving the way for the large-scale design of next-generation superconducting ICs.