@article{c726a66399c34ddb9d6157a094fa2d24,
title = "Differing Mechanisms of New Particle Formation at Two Arctic Sites",
abstract = "New particle formation in the Arctic atmosphere is an important source of aerosol particles. Understanding the processes of Arctic secondary aerosol formation is crucial due to their significant impact on cloud properties and therefore Arctic amplification. We observed the molecular formation of new particles from low-volatility vapors at two Arctic sites with differing surroundings. In Svalbard, sulfuric acid (SA) and methane sulfonic acid (MSA) contribute to the formation of secondary aerosol and to some extent to cloud condensation nuclei (CCN). This occurs via ion-induced nucleation of SA and NH3 and subsequent growth by mainly SA and MSA condensation during springtime and highly oxygenated organic molecules during summertime. By contrast, in an ice-covered region around Villum, we observed new particle formation driven by iodic acid but its concentration was insufficient to grow nucleated particles to CCN sizes. Our results provide new insight about sources and precursors of Arctic secondary aerosol particles.",
keywords = "Arctic atmosphere, low-volatility vapors, new particle formation",
author = "Beck, {Lisa J.} and Nina Sarnela and Heikki Junninen and Hoppe, {Clara J.M.} and Olga Garmash and Federico Bianchi and Matthieu Riva and Clemence Rose and Otso Per{\"a}kyl{\"a} and Daniela Wimmer and Oskari Kausiala and Tuija Jokinen and Lauri Ahonen and Jyri Mikkil{\"a} and Jani Hakala and He, {Xu Cheng} and Jenni Kontkanen and Wolf, {Klara K.E.} and David Cappelletti and Mauro Mazzola and Rita Traversi and Chiara Petroselli and Viola, {Angelo P.} and Vito Vitale and Robert Lange and Andreas Massling and N{\o}jgaard, {Jakob K.} and Radovan Krejci and Linn Karlsson and Paul Zieger and Sehyun Jang and Kitack Lee and Ville Vakkari and Janne Lampilahti and Thakur, {Roseline C.} and Katri Leino and Juha Kangasluoma and Duplissy, {Ella Maria} and Erkki Siivola and Marjan Marbouti and Tham, {Yee Jun} and Alfonso Saiz-Lopez and Tuukka Pet{\"a}j{\"a} and Mikael Ehn and Worsnop, {Douglas R.} and Henrik Skov and Markku Kulmala and Kerminen, {Veli Matti} and Mikko Sipil{\"a}",
note = "Funding Information: The authors thank logistic support by AWIPEV and the staff of the Arctic Station {"}Dirigibile Italia{"} during the field campaigns at Ny-{\AA}lesund. The authors thank the staff at Station Nord and VRS for the help during the field campaign in Greenland. The authors would like to thank NPI for substantial long term support in maintaining the measurements at Zeppelin Observatory. The authors thank Dennis Booge and Christa Marandino for assistance with DMSP measurements. Pasi Aalto, Frans Korhonen, and Laura Wischnewski are acknowledged for technical assistance. SIOS is acknowledged for support in integrating observations at Ny-{\AA}lesund. The authors thank the tofTools team for providing tools for mass spectrometry analysis. The authors acknowledge European Research Council (GASPARCON, Grant no. 714621 and COALA, Grant no. 638703), Academy of Finland (Project nos. 296628, 306853, 317380, 316114, and 320094), INTERACT, European Regional Development Fund (project MOBTT42), Austrian Science Fund (FWF, Project J3951-N36), the European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program (Grant no. 689443) via project iCUPE (Integrative and Comprehensive Understanding on Polar Environments) and Project ERC-2016- COG 726349 CLIMAHAL, National Research Foundation (NRF) of the Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning (NRF-2018R1A2A1A19019281), Knut-and-Alice-Wallenberg Foundation within the Arctic Climate Across Scales (Project No. \,2016.0024), the Swedish EPA's (Naturv{\aa}rdsverket) Environmental monitoring program (Milj{\"o}{\"o}vervakning), the Swedish Research Council FORMAS (Project {"}Interplay between water, clouds and Aerosols in the Arctic,{"} \# 2016-01427), Climate Change Tower – Integrated Project of the National Research Council of Italy and the National Interest Project by the Italian Minister of Education, University and Research (PRIN2007 and PRIN2009). The authors thank Department of Earth System Sciences and Technologies for the Environment, Department of Earth Sciences and Technology of the Environment of CNR and the doctoral program in atmospheric sciences at the University of Helsinki for financial support. Aarhus University acknowledge financial support from Danish Ministry of Environment and food and Ministry of Climate, Energy and Utilities by means of DANCEA. Funding Information: The authors thank logistic support by AWIPEV and the staff of the Arctic Station {"}Dirigibile Italia{"} during the field campaigns at Ny‐{\AA}lesund. The authors thank the staff at Station Nord and VRS for the help during the field campaign in Greenland. The authors would like to thank NPI for substantial long term support in maintaining the measurements at Zeppelin Observatory. The authors thank Dennis Booge and Christa Marandino for assistance with DMSP measurements. Pasi Aalto, Frans Korhonen, and Laura Wischnewski are acknowledged for technical assistance. SIOS is acknowledged for support in integrating observations at Ny‐{\AA}lesund. The authors thank the tofTools team for providing tools for mass spectrometry analysis. The authors acknowledge European Research Council (GASPARCON, Grant no. 714621 and COALA, Grant no. 638703), Academy of Finland (Project nos. 296628, 306853, 317380, 316114, and 320094), INTERACT, European Regional Development Fund (project MOBTT42), Austrian Science Fund (FWF, Project J3951‐N36), the European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program (Grant no. 689443) via project iCUPE (Integrative and Comprehensive Understanding on Polar Environments) and Project ERC‐2016‐ COG 726349 CLIMAHAL, National Research Foundation (NRF) of the Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning (NRF‐2018R1A2A1A19019281), Knut‐and‐Alice‐Wallenberg Foundation within the Arctic Climate Across Scales (Project No. \,2016.0024), the Swedish EPA's (Naturv{\aa}rdsverket) Environmental monitoring program (Milj{\"o}{\"o}vervakning), the Swedish Research Council FORMAS (Project {"}Interplay between water, clouds and Aerosols in the Arctic,{"} \# 2016‐01427), Climate Change Tower – Integrated Project of the National Research Council of Italy and the National Interest Project by the Italian Minister of Education, University and Research (PRIN2007 and PRIN2009). The authors thank Department of Earth System Sciences and Technologies for the Environment, Department of Earth Sciences and Technology of the Environment of CNR and the doctoral program in atmospheric sciences at the University of Helsinki for financial support. Aarhus University acknowledge financial support from Danish Ministry of Environment and food and Ministry of Climate, Energy and Utilities by means of DANCEA. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2020. The Authors.",
year = "2021",
month = feb,
day = "28",
doi = "10.1029/2020GL091334",
language = "English",
volume = "48",
journal = "Geophysical Research Letters",
issn = "0094-8276",
publisher = "Wiley",
number = "4",
}
