Direct electrification mechanisms for decarbonizing a real-case non-road mobile machine in forestry application

Saba Norouzi; Sami Repo; Rasmus Pettinen; Nida Riaz; Sahas Shah; Tansu Galimova; Christian Breyer

doi:10.1109/PowerTech59965.2025.11180209

Direct electrification mechanisms for decarbonizing a real-case non-road mobile machine in forestry application

Saba Norouzi
, Sami Repo
, Rasmus Pettinen
, Nida Riaz
, Sahas Shah
, Tansu Galimova
, Christian Breyer

BA4805 Powertrains

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference article in proceedings › Scientific › peer-review

Abstract

With the increasing climate change concerns, there is a growing need to accelerate towards decarbonization targets. In this vein, non-road mobile machines (NRMM) are responsible for about 2% of Europe's total greenhouse gas emissions (GHG). Due to their different applications in various locations, direct and indirect electrification methods are part of the solution for fulfilling decarbonization targets. In the case of direct electrification, significant investment commitments are required to charge services. To this end, this paper computes the levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) for two charging solutions, including a mobile charging station (MCS) and battery swapping station (BSS), for a real case forestry NRMM in off-grid conditions by considering the downtime cost of the fully electrical version of the studied machine. Also, this study examines the impacts of future capital costs and the lifetime of different types of batteries in the LCOE of both MCS and BSS charging solutions.

Original language	English
Title of host publication	2025 IEEE Kiel PowerTech
Publisher	IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers
Number of pages	7
ISBN (Electronic)	979-8-3315-4397-6
ISBN (Print)	979-8-3315-4398-3
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1109/PowerTech59965.2025.11180209
Publication status	Published - 3 Jul 2025
MoE publication type	A4 Article in a conference publication
Event	2025 IEEE Kiel PowerTech - Kiel, Germany Duration: 29 Jun 2025 → 3 Jul 2025

Conference

Conference	2025 IEEE Kiel PowerTech
Period	29/06/25 → 3/07/25

Funding

This work was supported by Business Finland DECARBO project (grant no. 7351/31/2022).

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

SDG 7 Affordable and Clean Energy
SDG 13 Climate Action

Keywords

Costs
Forestry
Electrification
Charging stations
Levelized cost of energy
Amplitude modulation
Low carbon economy
Batteries
Mobile computing
Investment

Access to Document

10.1109/PowerTech59965.2025.11180209

Cite this

@inproceedings{62b8170c15cf4adeaa80e0f3a4475e4f,

title = "Direct electrification mechanisms for decarbonizing a real-case non-road mobile machine in forestry application",

abstract = "With the increasing climate change concerns, there is a growing need to accelerate towards decarbonization targets. In this vein, non-road mobile machines (NRMM) are responsible for about 2\% of Europe's total greenhouse gas emissions (GHG). Due to their different applications in various locations, direct and indirect electrification methods are part of the solution for fulfilling decarbonization targets. In the case of direct electrification, significant investment commitments are required to charge services. To this end, this paper computes the levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) for two charging solutions, including a mobile charging station (MCS) and battery swapping station (BSS), for a real case forestry NRMM in off-grid conditions by considering the downtime cost of the fully electrical version of the studied machine. Also, this study examines the impacts of future capital costs and the lifetime of different types of batteries in the LCOE of both MCS and BSS charging solutions.",

keywords = "Costs, Forestry, Electrification, Charging stations, Levelized cost of energy, Amplitude modulation, Low carbon economy, Batteries, Mobile computing, Investment",

author = "Saba Norouzi and Sami Repo and Rasmus Pettinen and Nida Riaz and Sahas Shah and Tansu Galimova and Christian Breyer",

year = "2025",

month = jul,

day = "3",

doi = "10.1109/PowerTech59965.2025.11180209",

language = "English",

isbn = "979-8-3315-4398-3",

booktitle = "2025 IEEE Kiel PowerTech",

publisher = "IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers",

address = "United States",

note = "2025 IEEE Kiel PowerTech ; Conference date: 29-06-2025 Through 03-07-2025",

}

Norouzi, S, Repo, S, Pettinen, R, Riaz, N, Shah, S, Galimova, T & Breyer, C 2025, Direct electrification mechanisms for decarbonizing a real-case non-road mobile machine in forestry application. in 2025 IEEE Kiel PowerTech., 11180209, IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers, 2025 IEEE Kiel PowerTech, 29/06/25. https://doi.org/10.1109/PowerTech59965.2025.11180209

Direct electrification mechanisms for decarbonizing a real-case non-road mobile machine in forestry application. / Norouzi, Saba; Repo, Sami; Pettinen, Rasmus et al.
2025 IEEE Kiel PowerTech. IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers, 2025. 11180209.

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference article in proceedings › Scientific › peer-review

TY - GEN

T1 - Direct electrification mechanisms for decarbonizing a real-case non-road mobile machine in forestry application

AU - Norouzi, Saba

AU - Repo, Sami

AU - Pettinen, Rasmus

AU - Riaz, Nida

AU - Shah, Sahas

AU - Galimova, Tansu

AU - Breyer, Christian

PY - 2025/7/3

Y1 - 2025/7/3

N2 - With the increasing climate change concerns, there is a growing need to accelerate towards decarbonization targets. In this vein, non-road mobile machines (NRMM) are responsible for about 2% of Europe's total greenhouse gas emissions (GHG). Due to their different applications in various locations, direct and indirect electrification methods are part of the solution for fulfilling decarbonization targets. In the case of direct electrification, significant investment commitments are required to charge services. To this end, this paper computes the levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) for two charging solutions, including a mobile charging station (MCS) and battery swapping station (BSS), for a real case forestry NRMM in off-grid conditions by considering the downtime cost of the fully electrical version of the studied machine. Also, this study examines the impacts of future capital costs and the lifetime of different types of batteries in the LCOE of both MCS and BSS charging solutions.

AB - With the increasing climate change concerns, there is a growing need to accelerate towards decarbonization targets. In this vein, non-road mobile machines (NRMM) are responsible for about 2% of Europe's total greenhouse gas emissions (GHG). Due to their different applications in various locations, direct and indirect electrification methods are part of the solution for fulfilling decarbonization targets. In the case of direct electrification, significant investment commitments are required to charge services. To this end, this paper computes the levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) for two charging solutions, including a mobile charging station (MCS) and battery swapping station (BSS), for a real case forestry NRMM in off-grid conditions by considering the downtime cost of the fully electrical version of the studied machine. Also, this study examines the impacts of future capital costs and the lifetime of different types of batteries in the LCOE of both MCS and BSS charging solutions.

KW - Costs

KW - Forestry

KW - Electrification

KW - Charging stations

KW - Levelized cost of energy

KW - Amplitude modulation

KW - Low carbon economy

KW - Batteries

KW - Mobile computing

KW - Investment

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105019297255

U2 - 10.1109/PowerTech59965.2025.11180209

DO - 10.1109/PowerTech59965.2025.11180209

M3 - Conference article in proceedings

SN - 979-8-3315-4398-3

BT - 2025 IEEE Kiel PowerTech

PB - IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers

T2 - 2025 IEEE Kiel PowerTech

Y2 - 29 June 2025 through 3 July 2025

ER -

Direct electrification mechanisms for decarbonizing a real-case non-road mobile machine in forestry application

Abstract

Conference

Funding

UN SDGs

Keywords

Access to Document

Other files and links

Fingerprint

DECARBO : Decarbonization of Mobile Machine Systems

Cite this

Direct electrification mechanisms for decarbonizing a real-case non-road mobile machine in forestry application

Abstract

Conference

Funding

UN SDGs

Keywords

Access to Document

Other files and links

Fingerprint

Projects

DECARBO : Decarbonization of Mobile Machine Systems

Cite this