TY - JOUR
T1 - DoA Estimation Using Compact CRLH Leaky-Wave Antennas
T2 - Novel Algorithms and Measured Performance
AU - Paaso, Henna
AU - Gulati, Nikhil
AU - Patron, Damiano
AU - Hakkarainen, Aki
AU - Werner, Janis
AU - Dandekar, Kapil R.
AU - Valkama, Mikko
AU - Mämmelä, Aarne
PY - 2017/9/1
Y1 - 2017/9/1
N2 - Traditional direction-of-arrival (DoA) estimation
algorithms for multi-element antenna arrays are not
directly applicable to reconfigurable antennas due to
inherent design and operating differences between antenna
arrays and reconfigurable antennas. In this paper, we
propose novel modifications to existing DoA algorithms
and show how these can be adapted for realtime DoA
estimation using two-port composite right/left-handed
(CRLH) reconfigurable leaky-wave antennas (LWAs). First,
we propose a single/two-port multiple signal
classification (MUSIC) algorithm and derive the
corresponding steering vector for reconfigurable LWAs. We
also present the power pattern cross correlation (PPCC)
algorithm which is based on finding the maximum
correlation between the measured radiation patterns and
the received powers. For all algorithms, we show how to
simultaneously use both ports of the two-port LWA in
order to improve the DoA estimation accuracy and, at the
same time, reduce the scanning time for the arriving
signals. Moreover, we formulate the Cramer-Rao bound
(CRB) for MUSIC-based DoA estimation with LWAs and
present an extensive performance evaluation of MUSIC
algorithm based on numerical simulations. Additionally,
these results are compared to DoA estimation with
conventional antenna arrays. Finally, we experimentally
evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithms in an
indoor multipath wireless environment with both
line-of-sight (LoS) and non-line-of-sight (NLoS)
components. Our results demonstrate that DoA estimation
of the received signal can be successfully performed by
using the two-port CRLH-LWA, even in the presence of
severe multipath.
AB - Traditional direction-of-arrival (DoA) estimation
algorithms for multi-element antenna arrays are not
directly applicable to reconfigurable antennas due to
inherent design and operating differences between antenna
arrays and reconfigurable antennas. In this paper, we
propose novel modifications to existing DoA algorithms
and show how these can be adapted for realtime DoA
estimation using two-port composite right/left-handed
(CRLH) reconfigurable leaky-wave antennas (LWAs). First,
we propose a single/two-port multiple signal
classification (MUSIC) algorithm and derive the
corresponding steering vector for reconfigurable LWAs. We
also present the power pattern cross correlation (PPCC)
algorithm which is based on finding the maximum
correlation between the measured radiation patterns and
the received powers. For all algorithms, we show how to
simultaneously use both ports of the two-port LWA in
order to improve the DoA estimation accuracy and, at the
same time, reduce the scanning time for the arriving
signals. Moreover, we formulate the Cramer-Rao bound
(CRB) for MUSIC-based DoA estimation with LWAs and
present an extensive performance evaluation of MUSIC
algorithm based on numerical simulations. Additionally,
these results are compared to DoA estimation with
conventional antenna arrays. Finally, we experimentally
evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithms in an
indoor multipath wireless environment with both
line-of-sight (LoS) and non-line-of-sight (NLoS)
components. Our results demonstrate that DoA estimation
of the received signal can be successfully performed by
using the two-port CRLH-LWA, even in the presence of
severe multipath.
KW - antenna arrays
KW - antenna measurements
KW - Cramer-Rao bound
KW - direction-of-arrival estimation
KW - directional antennas
KW - directive antennas
KW - estimation
KW - multiple signal classification
KW - measurements
KW - cramer-Rao bound (CRB)
KW - leaky-wave antennas (LWAs)
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85028839957&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1109/TAP.2017.2724584
DO - 10.1109/TAP.2017.2724584
M3 - Article
SN - 0018-926X
VL - 65
SP - 4836
EP - 4849
JO - IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation
JF - IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation
IS - 9
M1 - 7979544
ER -