Effect of alloy composition and temperature on corrosion behavior of stainless steels in hot alkaline solutions

Mikko Vepsäläinen; Pekka Pohjanne; Mikko Heikkilä; Carl-Gustav Berg; Jyrki Romu; Tapio Saukkonen; Hannu Hänninen; Thomas Ohligschläger; Martti Pulliainen

Effect of alloy composition and temperature on corrosion behavior of stainless steels in hot alkaline solutions

Mikko Vepsäläinen, Pekka Pohjanne, Mikko Heikkilä, Carl-Gustav Berg, Jyrki Romu, Tapio Saukkonen, Hannu Hänninen, Thomas Ohligschläger, Martti Pulliainen

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference article in proceedings › Scientific › peer-review

1 Citation (Scopus)

Abstract

Corrosion behavior of austenitic stainless steel UNS( 1 ) S30403, duplex stainless steels UNS S32101, UNS S32304, UNS S32205 and UNS S32507 as well as ferritic stainless steels UNS S43932 and ASTM(2) 444 was evaluated with U-bend specimens in alkaline solutions containing 500 g/l NaOH, 100 g/l NaOH + 55 g/l Na₂S (hot white liquor [HWL]) and 15 g/l NaOH + 150 g/l Na₂S (hot black liquor [HBL]) at temperatures of 140 and 190°C. Corrosion rates were determined from weight losses of the samples. The susceptibility to stress corrosion cracking (SCC) was characterized with optical microscopy and field emission gun scanning electron microscope (FEG-SEM). In addition, the corrosion products were analyzed with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Based on the results the highest corrosion rates were obtained in 500 g/l NaOH solution, whereas in hot black and hot white liquors the corrosion rates were significantly lower. Increase in temperature resulted in higher corrosion rates, especially in pure NaOH solutions. Molybdenum alloying enhanced corrosion particularly at 190 °C and in the presence of Na₂S, whereas chromium seems to improve the corrosion resistance. Severe SCC was observed in the austenitic and ferritic stainless steels. The EDS and XRD analyses showed that different corrosion products form in sulfide containing solutions than in pure NaOH solutions. In pure NaOH solutions various oxides are formed, but in the presence of Na₂S also sulfide containing corrosion products, such as iron-nickel sulfides, are formed.

Original language	English
Title of host publication	Corrosion 2013
Subtitle of host publication	Proceedings
Publisher	National Association of Corrosion Engineers (NACE)
ISBN (Print)	978-1-6274-8145-8
Publication status	Published - 2013
MoE publication type	A4 Article in a conference publication
Event	Corrosion 2013 - Orlando, FL, United States Duration: 17 Mar 2013 → 21 Mar 2013

Conference

Conference	Corrosion 2013
Country/Territory	United States
City	Orlando, FL
Period	17/03/13 → 21/03/13

Keywords

alkaline solution
corrosion rate
sodium hydroxide
sodium sulfide
stainless steel
stress corrosion cracking

Cite this

@inproceedings{0916744add224786911e12528f68ca2b,

title = "Effect of alloy composition and temperature on corrosion behavior of stainless steels in hot alkaline solutions",

abstract = "Corrosion behavior of austenitic stainless steel UNS( 1 ) S30403, duplex stainless steels UNS S32101, UNS S32304, UNS S32205 and UNS S32507 as well as ferritic stainless steels UNS S43932 and ASTM(2) 444 was evaluated with U-bend specimens in alkaline solutions containing 500 g/l NaOH, 100 g/l NaOH + 55 g/l Na2S (hot white liquor [HWL]) and 15 g/l NaOH + 150 g/l Na2S (hot black liquor [HBL]) at temperatures of 140 and 190°C. Corrosion rates were determined from weight losses of the samples. The susceptibility to stress corrosion cracking (SCC) was characterized with optical microscopy and field emission gun scanning electron microscope (FEG-SEM). In addition, the corrosion products were analyzed with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Based on the results the highest corrosion rates were obtained in 500 g/l NaOH solution, whereas in hot black and hot white liquors the corrosion rates were significantly lower. Increase in temperature resulted in higher corrosion rates, especially in pure NaOH solutions. Molybdenum alloying enhanced corrosion particularly at 190 °C and in the presence of Na2S, whereas chromium seems to improve the corrosion resistance. Severe SCC was observed in the austenitic and ferritic stainless steels. The EDS and XRD analyses showed that different corrosion products form in sulfide containing solutions than in pure NaOH solutions. In pure NaOH solutions various oxides are formed, but in the presence of Na2S also sulfide containing corrosion products, such as iron-nickel sulfides, are formed.",

keywords = "alkaline solution, corrosion rate, sodium hydroxide, sodium sulfide, stainless steel, stress corrosion cracking",

author = "Mikko Veps{\"a}l{\"a}inen and Pekka Pohjanne and Mikko Heikkil{\"a} and Carl-Gustav Berg and Jyrki Romu and Tapio Saukkonen and Hannu H{\"a}nninen and Thomas Ohligschl{\"a}ger and Martti Pulliainen",

year = "2013",

language = "English",

isbn = "978-1-6274-8145-8",

booktitle = "Corrosion 2013",

publisher = "National Association of Corrosion Engineers (NACE)",

address = "United States",

note = "Corrosion 2013 ; Conference date: 17-03-2013 Through 21-03-2013",

}

Vepsäläinen, M, Pohjanne, P, Heikkilä, M, Berg, C-G, Romu, J, Saukkonen, T, Hänninen, H, Ohligschläger, T & Pulliainen, M 2013, Effect of alloy composition and temperature on corrosion behavior of stainless steels in hot alkaline solutions. in Corrosion 2013: Proceedings., NACE-2013-2618, National Association of Corrosion Engineers (NACE), Corrosion 2013, Orlando, FL, United States, 17/03/13.

Effect of alloy composition and temperature on corrosion behavior of stainless steels in hot alkaline solutions. / Vepsäläinen, Mikko; Pohjanne, Pekka; Heikkilä, Mikko et al.
Corrosion 2013: Proceedings. National Association of Corrosion Engineers (NACE), 2013. NACE-2013-2618.

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference article in proceedings › Scientific › peer-review

TY - GEN

T1 - Effect of alloy composition and temperature on corrosion behavior of stainless steels in hot alkaline solutions

AU - Vepsäläinen, Mikko

AU - Pohjanne, Pekka

AU - Heikkilä, Mikko

AU - Berg, Carl-Gustav

AU - Romu, Jyrki

AU - Saukkonen, Tapio

AU - Hänninen, Hannu

AU - Ohligschläger, Thomas

AU - Pulliainen, Martti

PY - 2013

Y1 - 2013

N2 - Corrosion behavior of austenitic stainless steel UNS( 1 ) S30403, duplex stainless steels UNS S32101, UNS S32304, UNS S32205 and UNS S32507 as well as ferritic stainless steels UNS S43932 and ASTM(2) 444 was evaluated with U-bend specimens in alkaline solutions containing 500 g/l NaOH, 100 g/l NaOH + 55 g/l Na2S (hot white liquor [HWL]) and 15 g/l NaOH + 150 g/l Na2S (hot black liquor [HBL]) at temperatures of 140 and 190°C. Corrosion rates were determined from weight losses of the samples. The susceptibility to stress corrosion cracking (SCC) was characterized with optical microscopy and field emission gun scanning electron microscope (FEG-SEM). In addition, the corrosion products were analyzed with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Based on the results the highest corrosion rates were obtained in 500 g/l NaOH solution, whereas in hot black and hot white liquors the corrosion rates were significantly lower. Increase in temperature resulted in higher corrosion rates, especially in pure NaOH solutions. Molybdenum alloying enhanced corrosion particularly at 190 °C and in the presence of Na2S, whereas chromium seems to improve the corrosion resistance. Severe SCC was observed in the austenitic and ferritic stainless steels. The EDS and XRD analyses showed that different corrosion products form in sulfide containing solutions than in pure NaOH solutions. In pure NaOH solutions various oxides are formed, but in the presence of Na2S also sulfide containing corrosion products, such as iron-nickel sulfides, are formed.

AB - Corrosion behavior of austenitic stainless steel UNS( 1 ) S30403, duplex stainless steels UNS S32101, UNS S32304, UNS S32205 and UNS S32507 as well as ferritic stainless steels UNS S43932 and ASTM(2) 444 was evaluated with U-bend specimens in alkaline solutions containing 500 g/l NaOH, 100 g/l NaOH + 55 g/l Na2S (hot white liquor [HWL]) and 15 g/l NaOH + 150 g/l Na2S (hot black liquor [HBL]) at temperatures of 140 and 190°C. Corrosion rates were determined from weight losses of the samples. The susceptibility to stress corrosion cracking (SCC) was characterized with optical microscopy and field emission gun scanning electron microscope (FEG-SEM). In addition, the corrosion products were analyzed with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Based on the results the highest corrosion rates were obtained in 500 g/l NaOH solution, whereas in hot black and hot white liquors the corrosion rates were significantly lower. Increase in temperature resulted in higher corrosion rates, especially in pure NaOH solutions. Molybdenum alloying enhanced corrosion particularly at 190 °C and in the presence of Na2S, whereas chromium seems to improve the corrosion resistance. Severe SCC was observed in the austenitic and ferritic stainless steels. The EDS and XRD analyses showed that different corrosion products form in sulfide containing solutions than in pure NaOH solutions. In pure NaOH solutions various oxides are formed, but in the presence of Na2S also sulfide containing corrosion products, such as iron-nickel sulfides, are formed.

KW - alkaline solution

KW - corrosion rate

KW - sodium hydroxide

KW - sodium sulfide

KW - stainless steel

KW - stress corrosion cracking

M3 - Conference article in proceedings

SN - 978-1-6274-8145-8

BT - Corrosion 2013

PB - National Association of Corrosion Engineers (NACE)

T2 - Corrosion 2013

Y2 - 17 March 2013 through 21 March 2013

ER -

Effect of alloy composition and temperature on corrosion behavior of stainless steels in hot alkaline solutions

Abstract

Conference

Keywords

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