@inproceedings{0c256022e28f49508f72f365fbeb9461,
title = "Effect of ammonium formate and mixtures of urea and ammonium formate on low temperatire activity of SCR systems",
abstract = "The urea based SCR technology will face problems with the high freezing point (-11°C) of the reductant. In many parts of the world temperatures regularly fall much lower than this. With ammonium formate-urea solution the freezing point can be as low as - 30 °C. The reduction capacity of various ammonium formate solutions and its mixtures with urea were studied. When using ammonium formate and its mixtures as reductant in SCR experiments a significant improvement in the DeNOx activity in the low temperature operation was seen. In general in the engine experiments the ammonium formate-urea mixtures showed a reduction capacity comparable to standard urea.",
keywords = "ammonium formate, SCR systems, diesel exhaust emission control",
author = "Anu Solla and M{\aa}rten Westerholm and Christer S{\"o}derstr{\"o}m and Kauko Tomonen and Timo H{\"a}rm{\"a} and Timo Nisinen and Jari Kukkonen",
note = "Project code: C4SU00225; SAE 2005 World Congress & Exhibition ; Conference date: 11-04-2005 Through 14-04-2005",
year = "2005",
doi = "10.4271/2005-01-1856",
language = "English",
series = "SAE Technical Paper Series",
publisher = "Society of Automotive Engineers SAE",
number = "2005-01-1856",
booktitle = "SAE 2005 World Congress & Exhibition",
address = "United States",
}