Effect of leading and trailing torch configuration on mixing and fluid behavior of laser-gas metal arc hybrid welding

Muhammad Sohail, Miikka Karhu, Suck-Joo Na, Sang-Woo Han, Veli Kujanpää

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Scientific › peer-review

4 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

The paper introduces the results of mixing and fluid flow studies for full penetration laser-gas metal arc (GMA) hybrid welding with GMA leading and trailing torch configuration. The material used was austenitic stainless steel with the thickness of 10 mm. The joint configuration was butt joint without gap. It was found that the molten pool at the root side is a longer time in the molten state than the pool at the weld surface. Compared to autogeneous laser welding, the addition of GMA makes the upper bead wider. This effect is more prominent in the case of GMA trailing compared to the case of GMA leading. The simulation results also show a similar trend of bead shape change in the case of GMA leading and trailing configuration compared to the experimental ones. Mixing behavior of filler and base metal is also evaluated and compared by both experimental studies and simulations. In GMA leading configuration, the mixing is more pronounced in the upper part of the weld cross section, while in GMA trailing, the mixing is more efficient in the whole cross section compared to GMA leading case. Simulation results support this difference in mixing behavior. Laser is the main source that provides full penetration and forms a molten pool on upper and root surface. The direction of wire feeding affects the mixing behavior. In GMA leading configuration the wire droplets impinge in front of the laser beam and in the front edge of the molten pool, whereas in GMA trailing configuration, the wire droplets impinge behind the laser beam where the molten pool is fully developed. This causes the difference in mixing.
Original languageEnglish
Article number042009
JournalJournal of Laser Applications
Volume29
Issue number4
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 1 Nov 2017
MoE publication typeA1 Journal article-refereed

Fingerprint

Gas lasers
torches
gas lasers
welding
Welding
arcs
Fluids
fluids
configurations
metals
gases
Molten materials
Wire
wire
Laser beams
beads
Welds
Metals--Gases
penetration
laser beams

Keywords

  • laser-GMA hybrid welding
  • element mixing
  • GMA leading
  • GMA trailing
  • volume of fluid method
  • full penetration
  • keyhole
  • fiber laser

Cite this

Sohail, Muhammad ; Karhu, Miikka ; Na, Suck-Joo ; Han, Sang-Woo ; Kujanpää, Veli. / Effect of leading and trailing torch configuration on mixing and fluid behavior of laser-gas metal arc hybrid welding. In: Journal of Laser Applications. 2017 ; Vol. 29, No. 4.
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title = "Effect of leading and trailing torch configuration on mixing and fluid behavior of laser-gas metal arc hybrid welding",
abstract = "The paper introduces the results of mixing and fluid flow studies for full penetration laser-gas metal arc (GMA) hybrid welding with GMA leading and trailing torch configuration. The material used was austenitic stainless steel with the thickness of 10 mm. The joint configuration was butt joint without gap. It was found that the molten pool at the root side is a longer time in the molten state than the pool at the weld surface. Compared to autogeneous laser welding, the addition of GMA makes the upper bead wider. This effect is more prominent in the case of GMA trailing compared to the case of GMA leading. The simulation results also show a similar trend of bead shape change in the case of GMA leading and trailing configuration compared to the experimental ones. Mixing behavior of filler and base metal is also evaluated and compared by both experimental studies and simulations. In GMA leading configuration, the mixing is more pronounced in the upper part of the weld cross section, while in GMA trailing, the mixing is more efficient in the whole cross section compared to GMA leading case. Simulation results support this difference in mixing behavior. Laser is the main source that provides full penetration and forms a molten pool on upper and root surface. The direction of wire feeding affects the mixing behavior. In GMA leading configuration the wire droplets impinge in front of the laser beam and in the front edge of the molten pool, whereas in GMA trailing configuration, the wire droplets impinge behind the laser beam where the molten pool is fully developed. This causes the difference in mixing.",
keywords = "laser-GMA hybrid welding, element mixing, GMA leading, GMA trailing, volume of fluid method, full penetration, keyhole, fiber laser",
author = "Muhammad Sohail and Miikka Karhu and Suck-Joo Na and Sang-Woo Han and Veli Kujanp{\"a}{\"a}",
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Sohail, M, Karhu, M, Na, S-J, Han, S-W & Kujanpää, V 2017, 'Effect of leading and trailing torch configuration on mixing and fluid behavior of laser-gas metal arc hybrid welding', Journal of Laser Applications, vol. 29, no. 4, 042009. https://doi.org/10.2351/1.5008304

Effect of leading and trailing torch configuration on mixing and fluid behavior of laser-gas metal arc hybrid welding. / Sohail, Muhammad; Karhu, Miikka; Na, Suck-Joo; Han, Sang-Woo; Kujanpää, Veli.

In: Journal of Laser Applications, Vol. 29, No. 4, 042009, 01.11.2017.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Scientific › peer-review

TY - JOUR

T1 - Effect of leading and trailing torch configuration on mixing and fluid behavior of laser-gas metal arc hybrid welding

AU - Sohail, Muhammad

AU - Karhu, Miikka

AU - Na, Suck-Joo

AU - Han, Sang-Woo

AU - Kujanpää, Veli

PY - 2017/11/1

Y1 - 2017/11/1

N2 - The paper introduces the results of mixing and fluid flow studies for full penetration laser-gas metal arc (GMA) hybrid welding with GMA leading and trailing torch configuration. The material used was austenitic stainless steel with the thickness of 10 mm. The joint configuration was butt joint without gap. It was found that the molten pool at the root side is a longer time in the molten state than the pool at the weld surface. Compared to autogeneous laser welding, the addition of GMA makes the upper bead wider. This effect is more prominent in the case of GMA trailing compared to the case of GMA leading. The simulation results also show a similar trend of bead shape change in the case of GMA leading and trailing configuration compared to the experimental ones. Mixing behavior of filler and base metal is also evaluated and compared by both experimental studies and simulations. In GMA leading configuration, the mixing is more pronounced in the upper part of the weld cross section, while in GMA trailing, the mixing is more efficient in the whole cross section compared to GMA leading case. Simulation results support this difference in mixing behavior. Laser is the main source that provides full penetration and forms a molten pool on upper and root surface. The direction of wire feeding affects the mixing behavior. In GMA leading configuration the wire droplets impinge in front of the laser beam and in the front edge of the molten pool, whereas in GMA trailing configuration, the wire droplets impinge behind the laser beam where the molten pool is fully developed. This causes the difference in mixing.

AB - The paper introduces the results of mixing and fluid flow studies for full penetration laser-gas metal arc (GMA) hybrid welding with GMA leading and trailing torch configuration. The material used was austenitic stainless steel with the thickness of 10 mm. The joint configuration was butt joint without gap. It was found that the molten pool at the root side is a longer time in the molten state than the pool at the weld surface. Compared to autogeneous laser welding, the addition of GMA makes the upper bead wider. This effect is more prominent in the case of GMA trailing compared to the case of GMA leading. The simulation results also show a similar trend of bead shape change in the case of GMA leading and trailing configuration compared to the experimental ones. Mixing behavior of filler and base metal is also evaluated and compared by both experimental studies and simulations. In GMA leading configuration, the mixing is more pronounced in the upper part of the weld cross section, while in GMA trailing, the mixing is more efficient in the whole cross section compared to GMA leading case. Simulation results support this difference in mixing behavior. Laser is the main source that provides full penetration and forms a molten pool on upper and root surface. The direction of wire feeding affects the mixing behavior. In GMA leading configuration the wire droplets impinge in front of the laser beam and in the front edge of the molten pool, whereas in GMA trailing configuration, the wire droplets impinge behind the laser beam where the molten pool is fully developed. This causes the difference in mixing.

KW - laser-GMA hybrid welding

KW - element mixing

KW - GMA leading

KW - GMA trailing

KW - volume of fluid method

KW - full penetration

KW - keyhole

KW - fiber laser

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U2 - 10.2351/1.5008304

DO - 10.2351/1.5008304

M3 - Article

VL - 29

JO - Journal of Laser Applications

JF - Journal of Laser Applications

SN - 1042-346X

IS - 4

M1 - 042009

ER -

Sohail M, Karhu M, Na S-J, Han S-W, Kujanpää V. Effect of leading and trailing torch configuration on mixing and fluid behavior of laser-gas metal arc hybrid welding. Journal of Laser Applications. 2017 Nov 1;29(4). 042009. https://doi.org/10.2351/1.5008304

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