Abstract
The formation of nickel-rich layers on austenitic stainless steels in strong caustic solutions was reported in 1970's.
Recently, a more detailed study has shown the nature of the de-alloying process and established firm links with the other metal-environment systems that show de-alloying and associated stress corrosion cracking (SCC) in strong caustic environments. In this study, the role of de-alloying in SCC of the austenitic and duplex stainless steel AISI 304 (EN1.4301) and S322205 (EN1.4462) is evaluated in 50% NaOH and also in NaCl/Na2S containing caustic environments (pulping liquors) at 413 K (140ºC) and 463 K (190ºC).
The results show that selective dissolution of alloying elements occurs on surface of the specimens and at the crack tip and strain is necessary for selective dissolution. The proposal that the rate determining step in SCC is generation of vacancies by selective dissolution at the crack tip will be confirmed in the further detailed examinations.
Chromium, iron and molybdenum are dissolving selectively and/or precipitating during the process which affects the general corrosion and SCC susceptibility depending on the alloy composition and microstructure of the steel.
FEG-SEM examination shows that the de-alloyed layer exhibits extremely fine nanoporosity.
Recently, a more detailed study has shown the nature of the de-alloying process and established firm links with the other metal-environment systems that show de-alloying and associated stress corrosion cracking (SCC) in strong caustic environments. In this study, the role of de-alloying in SCC of the austenitic and duplex stainless steel AISI 304 (EN1.4301) and S322205 (EN1.4462) is evaluated in 50% NaOH and also in NaCl/Na2S containing caustic environments (pulping liquors) at 413 K (140ºC) and 463 K (190ºC).
The results show that selective dissolution of alloying elements occurs on surface of the specimens and at the crack tip and strain is necessary for selective dissolution. The proposal that the rate determining step in SCC is generation of vacancies by selective dissolution at the crack tip will be confirmed in the further detailed examinations.
Chromium, iron and molybdenum are dissolving selectively and/or precipitating during the process which affects the general corrosion and SCC susceptibility depending on the alloy composition and microstructure of the steel.
FEG-SEM examination shows that the de-alloyed layer exhibits extremely fine nanoporosity.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Title of host publication | Proceedings |
| Subtitle of host publication | Corrosion 2011, Conference & Expo |
| Place of Publication | Houston, TX |
| Publisher | National Association of Corrosion Engineers (NACE) |
| Number of pages | 17 |
| Volume | 2 |
| ISBN (Print) | 978-1-6178-2593-4 |
| Publication status | Published - 2011 |
| MoE publication type | A4 Article in a conference publication |
| Event | Corrosion 2011, Conference & Expo - Houston, TX, United States Duration: 13 Mar 2011 → 17 Mar 2011 |
Conference
| Conference | Corrosion 2011, Conference & Expo |
|---|---|
| Country/Territory | United States |
| City | Houston, TX |
| Period | 13/03/11 → 17/03/11 |
Keywords
- selective dissolution
- de-alloying
- duplex stainless steel
- austenitic stainless steel
- stress corrosion cracking
- caustic solution