Abstract
We present a detailed study on the influence of sonication energy and surfactant type on the electrical conductivity of nanocellulose-carbon nanotube (NFC-CNT) nanocomposite films. The study was made using a minimum amount of processing steps, chemicals and materials, to optimize the conductivity properties of free-standing flexible nanocomposite films. In general, the NFC-CNT film preparation process is sensitive concerning the dispersing phase of CNTs into a solution with NFC. In our study, we used sonication to carry out the dispersing phase of processing in the presence of surfactant. In the final phase, the films were prepared from the dispersion using centrifugal cast molding. The solid films were analyzed regarding their electrical conductivity using a four-probe measuring technique. We also characterized how conductivity properties were enhanced when surfactant was removed from nanocomposite films; to our knowledge this has not been reported previously. The results of our study indicated that the optimization of the surfactant type clearly affected the formation of freestanding films. The effect of sonication energy was significant in terms of conductivity. Using a relatively low 16 wt. % concentration of multiwall carbon nanotubes we achieved the highest conductivity value of 8.4 S/cm for nanocellulose-CNT films ever published in the current literature. This was achieved by optimizing the surfactant type and sonication energy per dry mass. Additionally, to further increase the conductivity, we defined a preparation step to remove the used surfactant from the final nanocomposite structure.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Article number | 1819 |
| Journal | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| Volume | 19 |
| Issue number | 6 |
| DOIs | |
| Publication status | Published - 20 Jun 2018 |
| MoE publication type | A1 Journal article-refereed |
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Keywords
- Carbon nanotubes
- Conductivity
- Nanocellulose
- Nanocomposite
- Surfactant
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Effect of surfactant type and sonication energy on the electrical conductivity properties of nanocellulose-CNT nanocomposite films. / Siljander, Sanna; Keinänen, Pasi; Räty, Anna; Ramakrishnan, Karthik Ram; Tuukkanen, Sampo; Kunnari, Vesa; Harlin, Ali; Vuorinen, Jyrki; Kanerva, Mikko.
In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol. 19, No. 6, 1819, 20.06.2018.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Scientific › peer-review
TY - JOUR
T1 - Effect of surfactant type and sonication energy on the electrical conductivity properties of nanocellulose-CNT nanocomposite films
AU - Siljander, Sanna
AU - Keinänen, Pasi
AU - Räty, Anna
AU - Ramakrishnan, Karthik Ram
AU - Tuukkanen, Sampo
AU - Kunnari, Vesa
AU - Harlin, Ali
AU - Vuorinen, Jyrki
AU - Kanerva, Mikko
PY - 2018/6/20
Y1 - 2018/6/20
N2 - We present a detailed study on the influence of sonication energy and surfactant type on the electrical conductivity of nanocellulose-carbon nanotube (NFC-CNT) nanocomposite films. The study was made using a minimum amount of processing steps, chemicals and materials, to optimize the conductivity properties of free-standing flexible nanocomposite films. In general, the NFC-CNT film preparation process is sensitive concerning the dispersing phase of CNTs into a solution with NFC. In our study, we used sonication to carry out the dispersing phase of processing in the presence of surfactant. In the final phase, the films were prepared from the dispersion using centrifugal cast molding. The solid films were analyzed regarding their electrical conductivity using a four-probe measuring technique. We also characterized how conductivity properties were enhanced when surfactant was removed from nanocomposite films; to our knowledge this has not been reported previously. The results of our study indicated that the optimization of the surfactant type clearly affected the formation of freestanding films. The effect of sonication energy was significant in terms of conductivity. Using a relatively low 16 wt. % concentration of multiwall carbon nanotubes we achieved the highest conductivity value of 8.4 S/cm for nanocellulose-CNT films ever published in the current literature. This was achieved by optimizing the surfactant type and sonication energy per dry mass. Additionally, to further increase the conductivity, we defined a preparation step to remove the used surfactant from the final nanocomposite structure.
AB - We present a detailed study on the influence of sonication energy and surfactant type on the electrical conductivity of nanocellulose-carbon nanotube (NFC-CNT) nanocomposite films. The study was made using a minimum amount of processing steps, chemicals and materials, to optimize the conductivity properties of free-standing flexible nanocomposite films. In general, the NFC-CNT film preparation process is sensitive concerning the dispersing phase of CNTs into a solution with NFC. In our study, we used sonication to carry out the dispersing phase of processing in the presence of surfactant. In the final phase, the films were prepared from the dispersion using centrifugal cast molding. The solid films were analyzed regarding their electrical conductivity using a four-probe measuring technique. We also characterized how conductivity properties were enhanced when surfactant was removed from nanocomposite films; to our knowledge this has not been reported previously. The results of our study indicated that the optimization of the surfactant type clearly affected the formation of freestanding films. The effect of sonication energy was significant in terms of conductivity. Using a relatively low 16 wt. % concentration of multiwall carbon nanotubes we achieved the highest conductivity value of 8.4 S/cm for nanocellulose-CNT films ever published in the current literature. This was achieved by optimizing the surfactant type and sonication energy per dry mass. Additionally, to further increase the conductivity, we defined a preparation step to remove the used surfactant from the final nanocomposite structure.
KW - Carbon nanotubes
KW - Conductivity
KW - Nanocellulose
KW - Nanocomposite
KW - Surfactant
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85048936349&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3390/ijms19061819
DO - 10.3390/ijms19061819
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85048936349
VL - 19
JO - International Journal of Molecular Sciences
JF - International Journal of Molecular Sciences
SN - 1661-6596
IS - 6
M1 - 1819
ER -