Effects of Biomass Type, Carbonization Process, and Activation Method on the Properties of Bio-Based Activated Carbons

Virpi Siipola; Tarja Tamminen; Anssi Källi; Riikka Lahti; Henrik Romar; Kimmo Rasa; Riikka Keskinen; Jari Hyväluoma; Markus Hannula; Hanne Wikberg

doi:10.15376/biores.13.3.5976-6002

Effects of Biomass Type, Carbonization Process, and Activation Method on the Properties of Bio-Based Activated Carbons

Virpi Siipola (Corresponding Author), Tarja Tamminen, Anssi Källi, Riikka Lahti, Henrik Romar, Kimmo Rasa, Riikka Keskinen, Jari Hyväluoma, Markus Hannula, Hanne Wikberg

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Abstract

Activated carbons (AC) serve as adsorbents in various applications requiring specific functionalities. In this study, the effects of biomass type, pre-carbonization process, and activation method on the properties of ACs were investigated. Chemical (KOH and H₃PO₄) and physical (CO₂) activations were performed on slow pyrolyzed and hydrothermally carbonized (HTC) biochars produced from two feedstocks, willow and Scots pine bark (SPB). In addition, the adsorption capacities of the ACs were tested with two dyes and zinc metal. Distinct differences were found between the biochars and ACs regarding pore size distributions, surface area (238-3505 m² g-1), and surface chemistry. KOH activation produced highly microporous ACs from all biochars, whereas with H₃PO₄ and CO₂ there was also increase in the meso- and macroporosity with the HTC biochars. Adsorption capacity for dyes was dependent on the surface area, while for zinc it depended on AC’s pH. The results provide interesting insights into tailoring ACs for specific applications.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	5976-6002
Journal	BioResources
Volume	13
Issue number	3
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.15376/biores.13.3.5976-6002
Publication status	Published - 15 Jun 2018
MoE publication type	A1 Journal article-refereed

Keywords

Biochar
Activated carbon;
Bio-based activated carbon
Willow
Pine bark
X-ray tomography

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10.15376/biores.13.3.5976-6002

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title = "Effects of Biomass Type, Carbonization Process, and Activation Method on the Properties of Bio-Based Activated Carbons",

abstract = "Activated carbons (AC) serve as adsorbents in various applications requiring specific functionalities. In this study, the effects of biomass type, pre-carbonization process, and activation method on the properties of ACs were investigated. Chemical (KOH and H3PO4) and physical (CO2) activations were performed on slow pyrolyzed and hydrothermally carbonized (HTC) biochars produced from two feedstocks, willow and Scots pine bark (SPB). In addition, the adsorption capacities of the ACs were tested with two dyes and zinc metal. Distinct differences were found between the biochars and ACs regarding pore size distributions, surface area (238-3505 m² g-1), and surface chemistry. KOH activation produced highly microporous ACs from all biochars, whereas with H3PO4 and CO2 there was also increase in the meso- and macroporosity with the HTC biochars. Adsorption capacity for dyes was dependent on the surface area, while for zinc it depended on AC{\textquoteright}s pH. The results provide interesting insights into tailoring ACs for specific applications.",

keywords = "Biochar, Activated carbon;, Bio-based activated carbon, Willow, Pine bark, X-ray tomography",

author = "Virpi Siipola and Tarja Tamminen and Anssi K{\"a}lli and Riikka Lahti and Henrik Romar and Kimmo Rasa and Riikka Keskinen and Jari Hyv{\"a}luoma and Markus Hannula and Hanne Wikberg",

note = "Funding Information: The authors thank the personnel at VTT for all the help provided with the analytical measurements, Mirja Muhola for performing the thermogravimetrical experiments, and M.Sc. Heimo Kanerva for performing the HTC experiments. Prof. Sylvia Larsson and Gunnar Kal{\'e}n from SLU (Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences) are warmly thanked for providing the biomasses. This project has received funding from the European Union{\textquoteright}s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under grant agreement No 637020-MOBILE FLIP. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2018, BioResources. Copyright: Copyright 2019 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.",

year = "2018",

month = jun,

day = "15",

doi = "10.15376/biores.13.3.5976-6002",

language = "English",

volume = "13",

pages = "5976--6002",

journal = "BioResources",

issn = "1930-2126",

publisher = "North Carolina State University",

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T1 - Effects of Biomass Type, Carbonization Process, and Activation Method on the Properties of Bio-Based Activated Carbons

AU - Siipola, Virpi

AU - Tamminen, Tarja

AU - Källi, Anssi

AU - Lahti, Riikka

AU - Romar, Henrik

AU - Rasa, Kimmo

AU - Keskinen, Riikka

AU - Hyväluoma, Jari

AU - Hannula, Markus

AU - Wikberg, Hanne

N1 - Funding Information: The authors thank the personnel at VTT for all the help provided with the analytical measurements, Mirja Muhola for performing the thermogravimetrical experiments, and M.Sc. Heimo Kanerva for performing the HTC experiments. Prof. Sylvia Larsson and Gunnar Kalén from SLU (Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences) are warmly thanked for providing the biomasses. This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under grant agreement No 637020-MOBILE FLIP. Publisher Copyright: © 2018, BioResources. Copyright: Copyright 2019 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

PY - 2018/6/15

Y1 - 2018/6/15

N2 - Activated carbons (AC) serve as adsorbents in various applications requiring specific functionalities. In this study, the effects of biomass type, pre-carbonization process, and activation method on the properties of ACs were investigated. Chemical (KOH and H3PO4) and physical (CO2) activations were performed on slow pyrolyzed and hydrothermally carbonized (HTC) biochars produced from two feedstocks, willow and Scots pine bark (SPB). In addition, the adsorption capacities of the ACs were tested with two dyes and zinc metal. Distinct differences were found between the biochars and ACs regarding pore size distributions, surface area (238-3505 m² g-1), and surface chemistry. KOH activation produced highly microporous ACs from all biochars, whereas with H3PO4 and CO2 there was also increase in the meso- and macroporosity with the HTC biochars. Adsorption capacity for dyes was dependent on the surface area, while for zinc it depended on AC’s pH. The results provide interesting insights into tailoring ACs for specific applications.

AB - Activated carbons (AC) serve as adsorbents in various applications requiring specific functionalities. In this study, the effects of biomass type, pre-carbonization process, and activation method on the properties of ACs were investigated. Chemical (KOH and H3PO4) and physical (CO2) activations were performed on slow pyrolyzed and hydrothermally carbonized (HTC) biochars produced from two feedstocks, willow and Scots pine bark (SPB). In addition, the adsorption capacities of the ACs were tested with two dyes and zinc metal. Distinct differences were found between the biochars and ACs regarding pore size distributions, surface area (238-3505 m² g-1), and surface chemistry. KOH activation produced highly microporous ACs from all biochars, whereas with H3PO4 and CO2 there was also increase in the meso- and macroporosity with the HTC biochars. Adsorption capacity for dyes was dependent on the surface area, while for zinc it depended on AC’s pH. The results provide interesting insights into tailoring ACs for specific applications.

KW - Biochar

KW - Activated carbon;

KW - Bio-based activated carbon

KW - Willow

KW - Pine bark

KW - X-ray tomography

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U2 - 10.15376/biores.13.3.5976-6002

DO - 10.15376/biores.13.3.5976-6002

M3 - Article

SN - 1930-2126

VL - 13

SP - 5976

EP - 6002

JO - BioResources

JF - BioResources

IS - 3

ER -

Effects of Biomass Type, Carbonization Process, and Activation Method on the Properties of Bio-Based Activated Carbons

Abstract

Keywords

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