Electron beam welding of dissimilar metals

Electron beam welding (EBW) has been developed for many years and is increasingly implemented in various industrial applications. Joining dissimilar metals using EBW has also attracted attention in a number of investigations. Due to special features of the EBW, e.g. high energy density and accurately controllable beam size and location, it has proved to be an efficient way of joining dissimilar metals in many cases. Numerous successful results have been achieved, and some of them have already been exploited in production. EBW continues to be the subject of investigations and further development, and improvements in the joining of dissimilar metals remains one of the aims. This report reviews the state-of-the-art in the EBW of dissimilar metals with special emphasis on showing the potential of the process for achieving high quality dissimilar metal joints. Since EBW is a fusion welding process, metallurgical phenomena associated with fusion exist and cause difficulties. However, these are often minor as compared to those in conventional arc welding. Problems encountered and possible solutions are discussed. The survey indicates that although many studies have been performed, there is still a considerable need to further examine the existing and new combinations. Therefore, future R & D trends are highlighted.