TY - JOUR
T1 - Emission factors and annual emissions of bulk and trace elements from oil shale fueled power plants
AU - Häsänen, Erkki
AU - Aunela-Tapola, Leena
AU - Kinnunen, Vesa
AU - Larjava, Kari
AU - Mehtonen, Arvo
AU - Salmikangas, Tuomo
AU - Leskelä, Jukka
AU - Loosaar, Juri
PY - 1997
Y1 - 1997
N2 - Measurements were carried out to
investigate the emission factors and annual emissions of bulk and trace
elements from two large oil shale fueled power plants in northeastern
Estonia. The samples from fuel and different ash fractions were
collected at the same time as the SO2, NOx and fly
ash concentrations in the stack gases were measured at the power
plants. The elemental concentrations of 30 elements in the fuel, bottom
ash, ash from super heater and economizer, cyclone and electrostatic
precipitator ash, and fly ash were analysed by ICP-AES, ICP-MS or INAA.
According to the balance studies, based on analyses of the fuel and
different ash fractions, 40–50% of sulphur and selenium, and 25–35% of
arsenic, cadmium and thallium are released in the gas phase. Other
elements, except for chlorine, bromine and iodine, are retained in the
ash fraction by over 90%. The emission factor for SO2 in oil shale fueled power plants is on the same level and the emission factor for NOx
one third of that in coal fueled power plants. The fly ash emission
factor of oil shale fueled power plants, 1100 mg/MJ, is about 20 times
higher than in coal fueled power plants. Due to the large size of these
oil shale fueled power plants (electricity output 1390 and 1610 MW) and
high fly ash emission factors, the total annual emissions of many
elements, both toxic and non-toxic, are very high. For example, the
arsenic and lead emissions are 12 and 36 tons per year, respectively,
and calcium emissions 36 000 tons/year.
AB - Measurements were carried out to
investigate the emission factors and annual emissions of bulk and trace
elements from two large oil shale fueled power plants in northeastern
Estonia. The samples from fuel and different ash fractions were
collected at the same time as the SO2, NOx and fly
ash concentrations in the stack gases were measured at the power
plants. The elemental concentrations of 30 elements in the fuel, bottom
ash, ash from super heater and economizer, cyclone and electrostatic
precipitator ash, and fly ash were analysed by ICP-AES, ICP-MS or INAA.
According to the balance studies, based on analyses of the fuel and
different ash fractions, 40–50% of sulphur and selenium, and 25–35% of
arsenic, cadmium and thallium are released in the gas phase. Other
elements, except for chlorine, bromine and iodine, are retained in the
ash fraction by over 90%. The emission factor for SO2 in oil shale fueled power plants is on the same level and the emission factor for NOx
one third of that in coal fueled power plants. The fly ash emission
factor of oil shale fueled power plants, 1100 mg/MJ, is about 20 times
higher than in coal fueled power plants. Due to the large size of these
oil shale fueled power plants (electricity output 1390 and 1610 MW) and
high fly ash emission factors, the total annual emissions of many
elements, both toxic and non-toxic, are very high. For example, the
arsenic and lead emissions are 12 and 36 tons per year, respectively,
and calcium emissions 36 000 tons/year.
U2 - 10.1016/S0048-9697(97)05432-6
DO - 10.1016/S0048-9697(97)05432-6
M3 - Article
SN - 0048-9697
VL - 198
SP - 1
EP - 12
JO - Science of the Total Environment
JF - Science of the Total Environment
IS - 1
ER -