Emissions from modern engines induce distinct effects in human olfactory mucosa cells, depending on fuel and aftertreatment

Laura Mussalo; Simone Avesani; Muhammad Ali Shahbaz; Táňa Závodná; Liudmila Saveleva; Anssi Järvinen; Riikka Lampinen; Irina Belaya; Zdeněk Krejčík; Mariia Ivanova; Henri Hakkarainen; Juho Kalapudas; Elina Penttilä; Heikki Löppönen; Anne M. Koivisto; Tarja Malm; Jan Topinka; Rosalba Giugno; Päivi Aakko-Saksa; Sweelin Chew; Topi Rönkkö; Pasi Jalava; Katja M. Kanninen

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167038

Emissions from modern engines induce distinct effects in human olfactory mucosa cells, depending on fuel and aftertreatment

Laura Mussalo
, Simone Avesani
, Muhammad Ali Shahbaz
, Táňa Závodná
, Liudmila Saveleva
, Anssi Järvinen
, Riikka Lampinen
, Irina Belaya
, Zdeněk Krejčík
, Mariia Ivanova
, Henri Hakkarainen
, Juho Kalapudas
, Elina Penttilä
, Heikki Löppönen
, Anne M. Koivisto
, Tarja Malm
, Jan Topinka
, Rosalba Giugno
, Päivi Aakko-Saksa
, Sweelin Chew

Topi Rönkkö, Pasi Jalava, Katja M. Kanninen^*

^*Corresponding author for this work

University of Eastern Finland
University of Verona
Czech Academy of Sciences
University of Helsinki
Tampere University

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Scientific › peer-review

18 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Ultrafine particles (UFP) with a diameter of ≤0.1 µm, are contributors to ambient air pollution and derived mainly from traffic emissions, yet their health effects remain poorly characterized. The olfactory mucosa (OM) is located at the rooftop of the nasal cavity and directly exposed to both the environment and the brain. Mounting evidence suggests that pollutant particles affect the brain through the olfactory tract, however, the exact cellular mechanisms of how the OM responds to air pollutants remain poorly known. Here we show that the responses of primary human OM cells are altered upon exposure to UFPs and that different fuels and engines elicit different adverse effects. We used UFPs collected from exhausts of a heavy-duty-engine run with renewable diesel (A0) and fossil diesel (A20), and from a modern diesel vehicle run with renewable diesel (Euro6) and compared their health effects on the OM cells by assessing cellular processes on the functional and transcriptomic levels. Quantification revealed all samples as UFPs with the majority of particles being ≤0.1 µm by an aerodynamic diameter. Exposure to A0 and A20 induced substantial alterations in processes associated with inflammatory response, xenobiotic metabolism, olfactory signaling, and epithelial integrity. Euro6 caused only negligible changes, demonstrating the efficacy of aftertreatment devices. Furthermore, when compared to A20, A0 elicited less pronounced effects on OM cells, suggesting renewable diesel induces less adverse effects in OM cells. Prior studies and these results suggest that PAHs may disturb the inflammatory process and xenobiotic metabolism in the OM and that UFPs might mediate harmful effects on the brain through the olfactory route. This study provides important information on the adverse effects of UFPs in a human-based in vitro model, therefore providing new insight to form the basis for mitigation and preventive actions against the possible toxicological impairments caused by UFP exposure.

Original language	English
Article number	167038
Journal	Science of the Total Environment
Volume	905
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167038
Publication status	Published - 20 Dec 2023
MoE publication type	A1 Journal article-refereed

Funding

This study was financially supported by The Academy of Finland ( 295425 ), The Sigrid Juselius Foundation , Kuopio Area Respiratory Foundation , The Finnish Brain Foundation , The Yrjö Jahnsson Foundation , Päivikki and Sakari Sohlberg Foundation , and by the University of Eastern Finland . This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement No 814978 . The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: Katja Kanninen reports financial support was provided by The Academy of Finland. Katja Kanninen reports financial support was provided by The Sigrid Juselius Foundation. Katja Kanninen reports financial support was provided by Horizon 2020 European Innovation Council Fast Track to Innovation. Tarja Malm reports financial support was provided by Horizon 2020 European Innovation Council Fast Track to Innovation. Pasi Jalava reports financial support was provided by Horizon 2020 European Innovation Council Fast Track to Innovation. Laura Mussalo reports financial support was provided by Kuopio Area Respiratory Foundation. Laura Mussalo reports financial support was provided by Finnish Brain Foundation. Laura Mussalo reports financial support was provided by Yrjö Jahnsson Foundation. Laura Mussalo reports financial support was provided by Päivikki and Sakari Sohlberg Foundation. Laura Mussalo reports financial support was provided by University of Eastern Finland.This study was financially supported by The Academy of Finland (295425), The Sigrid Juselius Foundation, Kuopio Area Respiratory Foundation, The Finnish Brain Foundation, The Yrjö Jahnsson Foundation, Päivikki and Sakari Sohlberg Foundation, and by the University of Eastern Finland. This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement No 814978.

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

SDG 3 Good Health and Well-being
SDG 7 Affordable and Clean Energy
SDG 11 Sustainable Cities and Communities

Keywords

Air pollution
RNA-Seq
Traffic emissions
Ultrafine particles (UFP)

Access to Document

10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167038Licence: CC BY

Cite this

Mussalo, L., Avesani, S., Shahbaz, M. A., Závodná, T., Saveleva, L., Järvinen, A., Lampinen, R., Belaya, I., Krejčík, Z., Ivanova, M., Hakkarainen, H., Kalapudas, J., Penttilä, E., Löppönen, H., Koivisto, A. M., Malm, T., Topinka, J., Giugno, R., Aakko-Saksa, P., ... Kanninen, K. M. (2023). Emissions from modern engines induce distinct effects in human olfactory mucosa cells, depending on fuel and aftertreatment. Science of the Total Environment, 905, Article 167038. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167038

@article{386ce6550b394ed59586d58b127aefc3,

title = "Emissions from modern engines induce distinct effects in human olfactory mucosa cells, depending on fuel and aftertreatment",

abstract = "Ultrafine particles (UFP) with a diameter of ≤0.1 µm, are contributors to ambient air pollution and derived mainly from traffic emissions, yet their health effects remain poorly characterized. The olfactory mucosa (OM) is located at the rooftop of the nasal cavity and directly exposed to both the environment and the brain. Mounting evidence suggests that pollutant particles affect the brain through the olfactory tract, however, the exact cellular mechanisms of how the OM responds to air pollutants remain poorly known. Here we show that the responses of primary human OM cells are altered upon exposure to UFPs and that different fuels and engines elicit different adverse effects. We used UFPs collected from exhausts of a heavy-duty-engine run with renewable diesel (A0) and fossil diesel (A20), and from a modern diesel vehicle run with renewable diesel (Euro6) and compared their health effects on the OM cells by assessing cellular processes on the functional and transcriptomic levels. Quantification revealed all samples as UFPs with the majority of particles being ≤0.1 µm by an aerodynamic diameter. Exposure to A0 and A20 induced substantial alterations in processes associated with inflammatory response, xenobiotic metabolism, olfactory signaling, and epithelial integrity. Euro6 caused only negligible changes, demonstrating the efficacy of aftertreatment devices. Furthermore, when compared to A20, A0 elicited less pronounced effects on OM cells, suggesting renewable diesel induces less adverse effects in OM cells. Prior studies and these results suggest that PAHs may disturb the inflammatory process and xenobiotic metabolism in the OM and that UFPs might mediate harmful effects on the brain through the olfactory route. This study provides important information on the adverse effects of UFPs in a human-based in vitro model, therefore providing new insight to form the basis for mitigation and preventive actions against the possible toxicological impairments caused by UFP exposure.",

keywords = "Air pollution, RNA-Seq, Traffic emissions, Ultrafine particles (UFP)",

author = "Laura Mussalo and Simone Avesani and Shahbaz, \{Muhammad Ali\} and T{\'a}{\v n}a Z{\'a}vodn{\'a} and Liudmila Saveleva and Anssi J{\"a}rvinen and Riikka Lampinen and Irina Belaya and Zden{\v e}k Krej{\v c}{\'i}k and Mariia Ivanova and Henri Hakkarainen and Juho Kalapudas and Elina Penttil{\"a} and Heikki L{\"o}pp{\"o}nen and Koivisto, \{Anne M.\} and Tarja Malm and Jan Topinka and Rosalba Giugno and P{\"a}ivi Aakko-Saksa and Sweelin Chew and Topi R{\"o}nkk{\"o} and Pasi Jalava and Kanninen, \{Katja M.\}",

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doi = "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167038",

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Mussalo, L, Avesani, S, Shahbaz, MA, Závodná, T, Saveleva, L, Järvinen, A, Lampinen, R, Belaya, I, Krejčík, Z, Ivanova, M, Hakkarainen, H, Kalapudas, J, Penttilä, E, Löppönen, H, Koivisto, AM, Malm, T, Topinka, J, Giugno, R, Aakko-Saksa, P, Chew, S, Rönkkö, T, Jalava, P & Kanninen, KM 2023, 'Emissions from modern engines induce distinct effects in human olfactory mucosa cells, depending on fuel and aftertreatment', Science of the Total Environment, vol. 905, 167038. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167038

TY - JOUR

T1 - Emissions from modern engines induce distinct effects in human olfactory mucosa cells, depending on fuel and aftertreatment

AU - Mussalo, Laura

AU - Avesani, Simone

AU - Shahbaz, Muhammad Ali

AU - Závodná, Táňa

AU - Saveleva, Liudmila

AU - Järvinen, Anssi

AU - Lampinen, Riikka

AU - Belaya, Irina

AU - Krejčík, Zdeněk

AU - Ivanova, Mariia

AU - Hakkarainen, Henri

AU - Kalapudas, Juho

AU - Penttilä, Elina

AU - Löppönen, Heikki

AU - Koivisto, Anne M.

AU - Malm, Tarja

AU - Topinka, Jan

AU - Giugno, Rosalba

AU - Aakko-Saksa, Päivi

AU - Chew, Sweelin

AU - Rönkkö, Topi

AU - Jalava, Pasi

AU - Kanninen, Katja M.

PY - 2023/12/20

Y1 - 2023/12/20

N2 - Ultrafine particles (UFP) with a diameter of ≤0.1 µm, are contributors to ambient air pollution and derived mainly from traffic emissions, yet their health effects remain poorly characterized. The olfactory mucosa (OM) is located at the rooftop of the nasal cavity and directly exposed to both the environment and the brain. Mounting evidence suggests that pollutant particles affect the brain through the olfactory tract, however, the exact cellular mechanisms of how the OM responds to air pollutants remain poorly known. Here we show that the responses of primary human OM cells are altered upon exposure to UFPs and that different fuels and engines elicit different adverse effects. We used UFPs collected from exhausts of a heavy-duty-engine run with renewable diesel (A0) and fossil diesel (A20), and from a modern diesel vehicle run with renewable diesel (Euro6) and compared their health effects on the OM cells by assessing cellular processes on the functional and transcriptomic levels. Quantification revealed all samples as UFPs with the majority of particles being ≤0.1 µm by an aerodynamic diameter. Exposure to A0 and A20 induced substantial alterations in processes associated with inflammatory response, xenobiotic metabolism, olfactory signaling, and epithelial integrity. Euro6 caused only negligible changes, demonstrating the efficacy of aftertreatment devices. Furthermore, when compared to A20, A0 elicited less pronounced effects on OM cells, suggesting renewable diesel induces less adverse effects in OM cells. Prior studies and these results suggest that PAHs may disturb the inflammatory process and xenobiotic metabolism in the OM and that UFPs might mediate harmful effects on the brain through the olfactory route. This study provides important information on the adverse effects of UFPs in a human-based in vitro model, therefore providing new insight to form the basis for mitigation and preventive actions against the possible toxicological impairments caused by UFP exposure.

AB - Ultrafine particles (UFP) with a diameter of ≤0.1 µm, are contributors to ambient air pollution and derived mainly from traffic emissions, yet their health effects remain poorly characterized. The olfactory mucosa (OM) is located at the rooftop of the nasal cavity and directly exposed to both the environment and the brain. Mounting evidence suggests that pollutant particles affect the brain through the olfactory tract, however, the exact cellular mechanisms of how the OM responds to air pollutants remain poorly known. Here we show that the responses of primary human OM cells are altered upon exposure to UFPs and that different fuels and engines elicit different adverse effects. We used UFPs collected from exhausts of a heavy-duty-engine run with renewable diesel (A0) and fossil diesel (A20), and from a modern diesel vehicle run with renewable diesel (Euro6) and compared their health effects on the OM cells by assessing cellular processes on the functional and transcriptomic levels. Quantification revealed all samples as UFPs with the majority of particles being ≤0.1 µm by an aerodynamic diameter. Exposure to A0 and A20 induced substantial alterations in processes associated with inflammatory response, xenobiotic metabolism, olfactory signaling, and epithelial integrity. Euro6 caused only negligible changes, demonstrating the efficacy of aftertreatment devices. Furthermore, when compared to A20, A0 elicited less pronounced effects on OM cells, suggesting renewable diesel induces less adverse effects in OM cells. Prior studies and these results suggest that PAHs may disturb the inflammatory process and xenobiotic metabolism in the OM and that UFPs might mediate harmful effects on the brain through the olfactory route. This study provides important information on the adverse effects of UFPs in a human-based in vitro model, therefore providing new insight to form the basis for mitigation and preventive actions against the possible toxicological impairments caused by UFP exposure.

KW - Air pollution

KW - RNA-Seq

KW - Traffic emissions

KW - Ultrafine particles (UFP)

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85171629239

U2 - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167038

DO - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167038

M3 - Article

C2 - 37709087

AN - SCOPUS:85171629239

SN - 0048-9697

VL - 905

JO - Science of the Total Environment

JF - Science of the Total Environment

M1 - 167038

ER -

Emissions from modern engines induce distinct effects in human olfactory mucosa cells, depending on fuel and aftertreatment

Abstract

Funding

UN SDGs

Keywords

Access to Document

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Fingerprint

TUBE: Transport derived Ultrafines and the Brain Effects

Cite this

Emissions from modern engines induce distinct effects in human olfactory mucosa cells, depending on fuel and aftertreatment

Abstract

Funding

UN SDGs

Keywords

Access to Document

Other files and links

Fingerprint

Projects

TUBE: Transport derived Ultrafines and the Brain Effects

Cite this