Energetic particle physics: Chapter 7 of the special issue: on the path to tokamak burning plasma operation

M. Salewski; D. A. Spong; P. Aleynikov; R. Bilato; B. N. Breizman; S. Briguglio; H. Cai; L. Chen; W. Chen; V. N. Duarte; R. J. Dumont; M. V. Falessi; M. Fitzgerald; E. D. Fredrickson; M. García-Muñoz; N. N. Gorelenkov; T. Hayward-Schneider; W. W. Heidbrink; M. J. Hole; Ye O. Kazakov; V. G. Kiptily; A. Könies; T. Kurki-Suonio; Ph Lauber; S. A. Lazerson; Z. Lin; A. Mishchenko; D. Moseev; C. M. Muscatello; M. Nocente; M. Podestà; A. Polevoi; M. Schneider; S. E. Sharapov; Antti Snicker; Y. Todo; Z. Qiu; G. Vlad; X. Wang; D. Zarzoso; M. A. Van Zeeland; F. Zonca; S. D. Pinches

doi:10.1088/1741-4326/adb763

Energetic particle physics: Chapter 7 of the special issue: on the path to tokamak burning plasma operation

M. Salewski^*
, D. A. Spong
, P. Aleynikov
, R. Bilato
, B. N. Breizman
, S. Briguglio
, H. Cai
, L. Chen
, W. Chen
, V. N. Duarte
, R. J. Dumont
, M. V. Falessi
, M. Fitzgerald
, E. D. Fredrickson
, M. García-Muñoz
, N. N. Gorelenkov
, T. Hayward-Schneider
, W. W. Heidbrink
, M. J. Hole
, Ye O. Kazakov

V. G. Kiptily, A. Könies, T. Kurki-Suonio, Ph Lauber, S. A. Lazerson, Z. Lin, A. Mishchenko, D. Moseev, C. M. Muscatello, M. Nocente, M. Podestà, A. Polevoi, M. Schneider, S. E. Sharapov, Antti Snicker, Y. Todo, Z. Qiu, G. Vlad, X. Wang, D. Zarzoso, M. A. Van Zeeland, F. Zonca, S. D. Pinches

^*Corresponding author for this work

BA4511 Fusion energy

Technical University of Denmark (DTU)
Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL)
Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik (IPP)
The University of Texas at Dallas
National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA)
University of Science and Technology of China
University of California Irvine (UCI)
Southwestern Institute of Physics
Princeton University
Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA)
Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN)
United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority (UKAEA)
École Royale Militaire
Australian National University
Aalto University
Gauss Fusion GmbH
General Atomics
University of Milan
Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)
ITER Organization
National Institutes of Natural Sciences - National Institute for Fusion Science
Zhejiang University
Aix-Marseille Université

Research output: Contribution to journal › Review Article › peer-review

25 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

We review the physics of energetic particles (EPs) in magnetically confined burning fusion plasmas with focus on advances since the last update of the ITER Physics Basis (Fasoli et al 2007 Nucl. Fusion 47 S264). Topics include basic EP physics, EP generation, diagnostics of EPs and instabilities, the interaction of EPs and thermal plasma instabilities, EP-driven instabilities, energetic particle modes (EPMs), and turbulence, linear and nonlinear stability and simulation of EP-driven instabilities and EPMs, 3D effects, scenario optimization strategies based on EP phase-space control, EPs in reduced field scenarios in ITER before DT, and the physics of runaway electrons. We describe the simulation and modeling of EPs in fusion plasmas, including instability drive and damping as well as EP transport, with a range of approaches from first-principles to reduced models, including gyrokinetic simulations, kinetic-MHD models, gyrofluid models, reduced models, and semi-analytical approaches.

Original language	English
Article number	043002
Journal	Nuclear Fusion
Volume	65
Issue number	4
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/adb763
Publication status	Published - 1 Apr 2025
MoE publication type	A2 Review article in a scientific journal

Funding

Authors from institutes in the EU (M. Salewski, P. Aleynikov, B. Bilato, S. Briguglio, R.J. Dumont, M.V. Falessi, M. Garc\u00EDa-Mu\u00F1oz, T. Hayward-Schneider, Ye.O. Kazakov, A. K\u00F6nies, T. Kurki-Suonio, Ph. Lauber, S.A. Lazerson, A. Mishchenko, D. Moseev, M. Nocente, M. Podest\u00E0, A. Snicker, G. Vlad, X. Wang. D. Zarzoso, and F. Zonca) received funding within the framework of the EUROfusion Consortium, funded by the European Union via the Euratom Research and Training Programme (Grant Agreement No. 101052200\u2014EUROfusion). M. Salewski was partially supported by the Villum Synergy Grant No. VIL50096 from the Villum Foundation. A. Snicker was partially funded by the Academy of Finland Project Nos. 353370 and 324759. The Swiss contribution to this work has been funded by the Swiss State Secretariat for Education, Research and Innovation (SERI). Authors from the UK (M. Fitzgerald, S.E. Sharapov, V.G. Kiptily) are funded by the EPSRC Energy Programme (grant number EP/W006839/1). B.N. Breizman was supported by U.S. DOE Contracts DEFG02-04ER54742 and DESC0016283. W. Heidbrink was partially supported by U.S. DOE Grant DE-SC0020337. V.N. Duarte, E. Fredrickson, N.N. Gorelenkov and M. Podest\u00E0 were supported by DOE Contract No. DE-AC02-09CH11466. Z. Lin, N.N. Gorelenkov, V.N. Duarte and D. A. Spong were partially supported by US DOE SciDAC ISEP and INCITE. D. Zarzoso received financial support from the AIM4EP Project (ANR-21-CE30-0018), funded by the French National Research Agency (ANR). D. A. Spong was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Fusion Energy Sciences, under Award DE-AC05-00OR22725.

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

SDG 7 Affordable and Clean Energy

Keywords

burning plasmas
energetic particle physics
fast ion physics
runaway electron physics

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10.1088/1741-4326/adb763Licence: CC BY

Cite this

Salewski, M., Spong, D. A., Aleynikov, P., Bilato, R., Breizman, B. N., Briguglio, S., Cai, H., Chen, L., Chen, W., Duarte, V. N., Dumont, R. J., Falessi, M. V., Fitzgerald, M., Fredrickson, E. D., García-Muñoz, M., Gorelenkov, N. N., Hayward-Schneider, T., Heidbrink, W. W., Hole, M. J., ... Pinches, S. D. (2025). Energetic particle physics: Chapter 7 of the special issue: on the path to tokamak burning plasma operation. Nuclear Fusion, 65(4), Article 043002. https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/adb763

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title = "Energetic particle physics: Chapter 7 of the special issue: on the path to tokamak burning plasma operation",

abstract = "We review the physics of energetic particles (EPs) in magnetically confined burning fusion plasmas with focus on advances since the last update of the ITER Physics Basis (Fasoli et al 2007 Nucl. Fusion 47 S264). Topics include basic EP physics, EP generation, diagnostics of EPs and instabilities, the interaction of EPs and thermal plasma instabilities, EP-driven instabilities, energetic particle modes (EPMs), and turbulence, linear and nonlinear stability and simulation of EP-driven instabilities and EPMs, 3D effects, scenario optimization strategies based on EP phase-space control, EPs in reduced field scenarios in ITER before DT, and the physics of runaway electrons. We describe the simulation and modeling of EPs in fusion plasmas, including instability drive and damping as well as EP transport, with a range of approaches from first-principles to reduced models, including gyrokinetic simulations, kinetic-MHD models, gyrofluid models, reduced models, and semi-analytical approaches.",

keywords = "burning plasmas, energetic particle physics, fast ion physics, runaway electron physics",

author = "M. Salewski and Spong, \{D. A.\} and P. Aleynikov and R. Bilato and Breizman, \{B. N.\} and S. Briguglio and H. Cai and L. Chen and W. Chen and Duarte, \{V. N.\} and Dumont, \{R. J.\} and Falessi, \{M. V.\} and M. Fitzgerald and Fredrickson, \{E. D.\} and M. Garc{\'i}a-Mu{\~n}oz and Gorelenkov, \{N. N.\} and T. Hayward-Schneider and Heidbrink, \{W. W.\} and Hole, \{M. J.\} and Kazakov, \{Ye O.\} and Kiptily, \{V. G.\} and A. K{\"o}nies and T. Kurki-Suonio and Ph Lauber and Lazerson, \{S. A.\} and Z. Lin and A. Mishchenko and D. Moseev and Muscatello, \{C. M.\} and M. Nocente and M. Podest{\`a} and A. Polevoi and M. Schneider and Sharapov, \{S. E.\} and Antti Snicker and Y. Todo and Z. Qiu and G. Vlad and X. Wang and D. Zarzoso and \{Van Zeeland\}, \{M. A.\} and F. Zonca and Pinches, \{S. D.\}",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2025 The Author(s). Published by IOP Publishing Ltd on behalf of the IAEA.",

year = "2025",

month = apr,

day = "1",

doi = "10.1088/1741-4326/adb763",

language = "English",

volume = "65",

journal = "Nuclear Fusion",

issn = "0029-5515",

publisher = "Institute of Physics IOP",

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}

Salewski, M, Spong, DA, Aleynikov, P, Bilato, R, Breizman, BN, Briguglio, S, Cai, H, Chen, L, Chen, W, Duarte, VN, Dumont, RJ, Falessi, MV, Fitzgerald, M, Fredrickson, ED, García-Muñoz, M, Gorelenkov, NN, Hayward-Schneider, T, Heidbrink, WW, Hole, MJ, Kazakov, YO, Kiptily, VG, Könies, A, Kurki-Suonio, T, Lauber, P, Lazerson, SA, Lin, Z, Mishchenko, A, Moseev, D, Muscatello, CM, Nocente, M, Podestà, M, Polevoi, A, Schneider, M, Sharapov, SE, Snicker, A, Todo, Y, Qiu, Z, Vlad, G, Wang, X, Zarzoso, D, Van Zeeland, MA, Zonca, F & Pinches, SD 2025, 'Energetic particle physics: Chapter 7 of the special issue: on the path to tokamak burning plasma operation', Nuclear Fusion, vol. 65, no. 4, 043002. https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/adb763

TY - JOUR

T1 - Energetic particle physics

T2 - Chapter 7 of the special issue: on the path to tokamak burning plasma operation

AU - Salewski, M.

AU - Spong, D. A.

AU - Aleynikov, P.

AU - Bilato, R.

AU - Breizman, B. N.

AU - Briguglio, S.

AU - Cai, H.

AU - Chen, L.

AU - Chen, W.

AU - Duarte, V. N.

AU - Dumont, R. J.

AU - Falessi, M. V.

AU - Fitzgerald, M.

AU - Fredrickson, E. D.

AU - García-Muñoz, M.

AU - Gorelenkov, N. N.

AU - Hayward-Schneider, T.

AU - Heidbrink, W. W.

AU - Hole, M. J.

AU - Kazakov, Ye O.

AU - Kiptily, V. G.

AU - Könies, A.

AU - Kurki-Suonio, T.

AU - Lauber, Ph

AU - Lazerson, S. A.

AU - Lin, Z.

AU - Mishchenko, A.

AU - Moseev, D.

AU - Muscatello, C. M.

AU - Nocente, M.

AU - Podestà, M.

AU - Polevoi, A.

AU - Schneider, M.

AU - Sharapov, S. E.

AU - Snicker, Antti

AU - Todo, Y.

AU - Qiu, Z.

AU - Vlad, G.

AU - Wang, X.

AU - Zarzoso, D.

AU - Van Zeeland, M. A.

AU - Zonca, F.

AU - Pinches, S. D.

PY - 2025/4/1

Y1 - 2025/4/1

N2 - We review the physics of energetic particles (EPs) in magnetically confined burning fusion plasmas with focus on advances since the last update of the ITER Physics Basis (Fasoli et al 2007 Nucl. Fusion 47 S264). Topics include basic EP physics, EP generation, diagnostics of EPs and instabilities, the interaction of EPs and thermal plasma instabilities, EP-driven instabilities, energetic particle modes (EPMs), and turbulence, linear and nonlinear stability and simulation of EP-driven instabilities and EPMs, 3D effects, scenario optimization strategies based on EP phase-space control, EPs in reduced field scenarios in ITER before DT, and the physics of runaway electrons. We describe the simulation and modeling of EPs in fusion plasmas, including instability drive and damping as well as EP transport, with a range of approaches from first-principles to reduced models, including gyrokinetic simulations, kinetic-MHD models, gyrofluid models, reduced models, and semi-analytical approaches.

AB - We review the physics of energetic particles (EPs) in magnetically confined burning fusion plasmas with focus on advances since the last update of the ITER Physics Basis (Fasoli et al 2007 Nucl. Fusion 47 S264). Topics include basic EP physics, EP generation, diagnostics of EPs and instabilities, the interaction of EPs and thermal plasma instabilities, EP-driven instabilities, energetic particle modes (EPMs), and turbulence, linear and nonlinear stability and simulation of EP-driven instabilities and EPMs, 3D effects, scenario optimization strategies based on EP phase-space control, EPs in reduced field scenarios in ITER before DT, and the physics of runaway electrons. We describe the simulation and modeling of EPs in fusion plasmas, including instability drive and damping as well as EP transport, with a range of approaches from first-principles to reduced models, including gyrokinetic simulations, kinetic-MHD models, gyrofluid models, reduced models, and semi-analytical approaches.

KW - burning plasmas

KW - energetic particle physics

KW - fast ion physics

KW - runaway electron physics

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105001956313

U2 - 10.1088/1741-4326/adb763

DO - 10.1088/1741-4326/adb763

M3 - Review Article

AN - SCOPUS:105001956313

SN - 0029-5515

VL - 65

JO - Nuclear Fusion

JF - Nuclear Fusion

IS - 4

M1 - 043002

ER -

Energetic particle physics: Chapter 7 of the special issue: on the path to tokamak burning plasma operation

Abstract

Funding

UN SDGs

Keywords

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