@article{8a4802b5d9974b2cb0fdedee33ba948b,
title = "Energy and Emission Implications of Electric Vehicles Integration with Nearly and Net Zero Energy Buildings",
abstract = "Buildings and the mobility sectors are the two sectors that currently utilize large amount of fossil-based energy. The aim of the paper is to, critically analyse the integration of electric vehicles (EV) energy load with the building{\textquoteright}s energy load. The qualitative and quantitative methods are used to analyse the nearly/net zero energy buildings and the mobility plans of the Europe along with the challenges of the plans. It is proposed to either include or exclude the EV load within the building{\textquoteright}s energy load and follow the emissions calculation path, rather than energy calculation path for buildings to identify the benefits. Two real case studies in a central European climate are used to analysis the energy performance of the building with and without EV load integration and the emissions produced due to their interaction. It is shown that by replacing fossil-fuel cars with EVs within the building boundary, overall emissions can be reduced by 11–35% depending on the case study. However, the energy demand increased by 27–95% when the EV load was added with the building load. Hence, the goal to reach the nearly/net zero energy building target becomes more challenging. Therefore, the emission path can present the benefits of EV and building load integration.",
keywords = "building energy performance, building policy, e-mobility regulation, emission reduction path, photovoltaic, renewable energy",
author = "Hassam Rehman and Jan Diriken and Ala Hasan and Stijn Verbeke and Francesco Reda",
note = "Funding Information: Funding: “European Union{\textquoteright}s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme H2020-LCE-2014-2015 under the project name STORY, grant number 646426”, “European Union{\textquoteright}s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme H2020-LC-EEB-03-2019, and New developments in plus energy houses (IA), under the project name {\textquoteleft}EXCESS{\textquoteright}, grant number 870157” and “The APC was funded by VTT Technical Research Center of Finland”. The funding bodies had no such involvement in preparing the manuscript, methods and results, etc. and this manuscript reflects only the authors{\textquoteright} views and does not necessarily reflect the opinion of the European Commission. Neither the EU nor any of its institutions or agencies can be held responsible for any use that may be made of the information contained herein. Funding Information: ?European Union?s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme H2020-LCE-2014-2015 under the project name STORY, grant number 646426?, ?European Union?s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme H2020-LC-EEB-03-2019, and New developments in plus energy houses (IA), under the project name ?EXCESS?, grant number 870157? and ?The APC was funded by VTT Technical Research Center of Finland?. The funding bodies had no such involvement in preparing the manuscript, methods and results, etc. and this manuscript reflects only the authors? views and does not necessarily reflect the opinion of the European Commission. Neither the EU nor any of its institutions or agencies can be held responsible for any use that may be made of the information contained herein. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.",
year = "2021",
month = oct,
day = "25",
doi = "10.3390/en14216990",
language = "English",
volume = "14",
journal = "Energies",
issn = "1996-1073",
publisher = "MDPI",
number = "21",
}
