TY - BOOK
T1 - Energy-efficient renovation of Moscow apartment buildings and residential districts
AU - Paiho, Satu
AU - Abdurafikov, Rinat
AU - Hedman, Åsa
AU - Hoang, Ha
AU - Kouhia, Ilpo
AU - Meinander, Malin
AU - Sepponen, Mari
PY - 2013
Y1 - 2013
N2 - The majority of Moscow housing stock is built after World
War II and need mod-ernization. This publication
concentrates on energy-efficient and sustainable
renovation and modernization of a selected Moscow housing
stock. The emphasis is on technical solutions and their
energy saving potentials and possible emission
reductions. In addition, the publication includes an
analysis of the non-technical issues and barriers in
building renovation in Moscow. Relevant pilot visits are
also presented.
During building renovation existing and future criteria
for sustainability should be taken into account.
Sustainability criteria for energy-efficient renovations
of Moscow apartment buildings and districts were
developed based on criteria developed for new residential
districts in Saint Petersburg. The criteria setting
include criteria for planning structure/functional
planning, surrounding terrain, buildings, transport
solutions, waste disposal and energy supply.
A typical Moscow residential district was selected to be
analysed. The pilot district was estimated to contain of
about 13,800 inhabitants in total, which is about 0.12 %
of the total number for Moscow. The total building floor
of the district is about 327,600 m2 and the total roof
area about 31,000 m2. First, a state-of-the-art was
formed of the energy performance, and water and waste
management of the buildings and of the district. Then
alternative energy renovation concepts reducing the
environmental impacts of the buildings and the district
were developed and analysed.
The building renovation concepts, named Basic, Improved
and Advanced, were adjusted in such a way that each of
them result as an improvement from a previous one when it
comes to the total annual energy demand. The basic
concept refers to minimum, low-cost or easy-to-do
renovation measures. The improved renovation concept
outputs better energy or eco efficiency. The advanced
renovation concept suggested the most progressive
solutions. Based on the calculations, the building level
energy saving potential was up to 68% for heating energy
and 26% for electricity.
In the district level, different energy renovation
scenarios were analysed in terms of energy demand and
emissions. The district scenarios were also named
Current, Basic, Improved and Advanced. Considerable
energy savings could be achieved in the considered
district with different district modernization scenarios,
up to 37% for the electricity demand and up to 72 % for
the heating demand.
As for the emission analyses, switching from natural gas
to biogas would result in lower of CO2-equivalent
emissions while increasing SO2-equivalent emissions and
particulates. A better solution would then be to produce
energy from renewable technologies such as ground source
heat pumps, solar panels, solar collectors or wind
turbines which in comparison would result in fewer
emissions in overall.
Currently the average water demand in Moscow is 272
l/cap/day. With different solutions this could be dropped
down even to 100 l/cap/day. Based on the current
recycling and recovery rates of Moscow, the target of 78%
recovery of waste was suggested. The main environmental
impact from the waste management sector is the greenhouse
gas emissions from the final treatment of the waste. In
order to reduce the environmental impacts, a larger share
of the waste should be recovered as material or energy.
AB - The majority of Moscow housing stock is built after World
War II and need mod-ernization. This publication
concentrates on energy-efficient and sustainable
renovation and modernization of a selected Moscow housing
stock. The emphasis is on technical solutions and their
energy saving potentials and possible emission
reductions. In addition, the publication includes an
analysis of the non-technical issues and barriers in
building renovation in Moscow. Relevant pilot visits are
also presented.
During building renovation existing and future criteria
for sustainability should be taken into account.
Sustainability criteria for energy-efficient renovations
of Moscow apartment buildings and districts were
developed based on criteria developed for new residential
districts in Saint Petersburg. The criteria setting
include criteria for planning structure/functional
planning, surrounding terrain, buildings, transport
solutions, waste disposal and energy supply.
A typical Moscow residential district was selected to be
analysed. The pilot district was estimated to contain of
about 13,800 inhabitants in total, which is about 0.12 %
of the total number for Moscow. The total building floor
of the district is about 327,600 m2 and the total roof
area about 31,000 m2. First, a state-of-the-art was
formed of the energy performance, and water and waste
management of the buildings and of the district. Then
alternative energy renovation concepts reducing the
environmental impacts of the buildings and the district
were developed and analysed.
The building renovation concepts, named Basic, Improved
and Advanced, were adjusted in such a way that each of
them result as an improvement from a previous one when it
comes to the total annual energy demand. The basic
concept refers to minimum, low-cost or easy-to-do
renovation measures. The improved renovation concept
outputs better energy or eco efficiency. The advanced
renovation concept suggested the most progressive
solutions. Based on the calculations, the building level
energy saving potential was up to 68% for heating energy
and 26% for electricity.
In the district level, different energy renovation
scenarios were analysed in terms of energy demand and
emissions. The district scenarios were also named
Current, Basic, Improved and Advanced. Considerable
energy savings could be achieved in the considered
district with different district modernization scenarios,
up to 37% for the electricity demand and up to 72 % for
the heating demand.
As for the emission analyses, switching from natural gas
to biogas would result in lower of CO2-equivalent
emissions while increasing SO2-equivalent emissions and
particulates. A better solution would then be to produce
energy from renewable technologies such as ground source
heat pumps, solar panels, solar collectors or wind
turbines which in comparison would result in fewer
emissions in overall.
Currently the average water demand in Moscow is 272
l/cap/day. With different solutions this could be dropped
down even to 100 l/cap/day. Based on the current
recycling and recovery rates of Moscow, the target of 78%
recovery of waste was suggested. The main environmental
impact from the waste management sector is the greenhouse
gas emissions from the final treatment of the waste. In
order to reduce the environmental impacts, a larger share
of the waste should be recovered as material or energy.
KW - energy efficiency
KW - renovation
KW - Moscow
KW - districts
M3 - Report
T3 - VTT Technology
BT - Energy-efficient renovation of Moscow apartment buildings and residential districts
PB - VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland
CY - Espoo
ER -