Abstract
A net zero energy building is a grid connected building
that exports as much energy as it imports over a
predefined period of time based on a certain balance
metric. Energy matching defines how much the building
load covered with its own generation, as well as the
interplay with the surrounding grids. This study aims to
investigate the energy matching of a building and its
effect on categorizing its net zero energy building
balance options. Three common net zero energy building
balance metrics are considered: site-energy, primary
energy, and CO2-eq emission based on Finnish reference
data. A single family house located in Helsinki, Finland
served by four conventional heating systems and seven
biomass-based co-generation heat and power technologies
are simulated using a simulation-based model software. A
photovoltaic (PV) system is a supplementary system that
can bring the building to a balanced status, when needed.
Energy matching is analyzed under the consideration that
the building is connected with the bi-direction
electrical grid. The results show that the lowest
imported weighted energy does not necessarily represent
the best net zero energy building case. The energy
matching analysis could become another criterion for the
best net zero energy building case selection. The
co-generation heat and power technologies show a better
energy matching situation than the conventional heating
systems fulfilling all of the net zero energy building
balances investigated.
Original language | English |
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Pages (from-to) | 885-901 |
Journal | Science and Technology for the Built Environment |
Volume | 22 |
Issue number | 7 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - 2016 |
MoE publication type | A1 Journal article-refereed |