TY - BOOK
T1 - Ethylenethiourea
T2 - Metabolism, analysis and aspects of toxicity
AU - Autio, Karin
PY - 1982
Y1 - 1982
N2 - The publication is a summary of five separate research
reports dealing with the metabolism and detection of
ethylenethiourea (ETU) and a review of the most pertinent
literature. Studies on the toxicological aspects of
ethylenebis (dithiocarbamate) fungicides and ETU have
been included in the review.
About 32 % of the radioactivity of 14C-Maneb, manganous
ethylenebis (dithiocarbamate) was excreted in urine and
about 20 % in the faeces of mice within 22 hours. Of the
total radioactivity in urine about 10 % was present as
ETU Ethylenebisisothiocyanate sulfide (EBIS),
ethyleneurea (EU), 2-imidazolin-2yl sulfenate
(ETU-S-monoxide), 4,5-dihydro-1,3,6-diazepine-2-thione
(DOT) and elemental sulfur were detected in addition to
ETU. ETU-S-monoxide, DOT and elemental sulfur represent
previously unknown metabolites of Maneb. Most of the
radioactivity in urine was present as unidentified polar
compounds. In mice, the main part of ETU was excreted
unchanged in the urine. The degradation of ETU in mice
involved oxidation at the sulfur atom giving
2-imidazolin2-yl sulfenate as a major degradation
product. EU was detected as a minor component. The
ETU-S-oxidation was shown to occur in the microsomal
fraction of liver.
All the above metabolites were synthesized using
y-irradiation technique. Dilute aqueous solutions of
Maneb and ETU were irradiated with Co-60 y-rays and the
Tadiolysis products were purified by high-performance
liquidcromatography or preparative thin-layer
chromatography. The syntheses of the metabolite
candidates were verified by IR, NMR and mass
spectrometry.
Two methods of analysis are presented for the detection
of ETU. One is a simple gas-chromatographic method in
which ETU is detected without derivatization. The
detection limit is 0.01 mg/kg and the method is suitable
for a variety of analytical research problems. The other
method has been adapted for the determination of low
ETU-concentrations in foodstuffs and cigarette smoke
condensate. ETU is derivatized with trimethylanilinium
hydroxide, at room temperature, to N,N'-dimethyl-ETU. The
limit of sensitivity of the method is 0.001 mg/kg when
selective ion monitoring detection is used.
AB - The publication is a summary of five separate research
reports dealing with the metabolism and detection of
ethylenethiourea (ETU) and a review of the most pertinent
literature. Studies on the toxicological aspects of
ethylenebis (dithiocarbamate) fungicides and ETU have
been included in the review.
About 32 % of the radioactivity of 14C-Maneb, manganous
ethylenebis (dithiocarbamate) was excreted in urine and
about 20 % in the faeces of mice within 22 hours. Of the
total radioactivity in urine about 10 % was present as
ETU Ethylenebisisothiocyanate sulfide (EBIS),
ethyleneurea (EU), 2-imidazolin-2yl sulfenate
(ETU-S-monoxide), 4,5-dihydro-1,3,6-diazepine-2-thione
(DOT) and elemental sulfur were detected in addition to
ETU. ETU-S-monoxide, DOT and elemental sulfur represent
previously unknown metabolites of Maneb. Most of the
radioactivity in urine was present as unidentified polar
compounds. In mice, the main part of ETU was excreted
unchanged in the urine. The degradation of ETU in mice
involved oxidation at the sulfur atom giving
2-imidazolin2-yl sulfenate as a major degradation
product. EU was detected as a minor component. The
ETU-S-oxidation was shown to occur in the microsomal
fraction of liver.
All the above metabolites were synthesized using
y-irradiation technique. Dilute aqueous solutions of
Maneb and ETU were irradiated with Co-60 y-rays and the
Tadiolysis products were purified by high-performance
liquidcromatography or preparative thin-layer
chromatography. The syntheses of the metabolite
candidates were verified by IR, NMR and mass
spectrometry.
Two methods of analysis are presented for the detection
of ETU. One is a simple gas-chromatographic method in
which ETU is detected without derivatization. The
detection limit is 0.01 mg/kg and the method is suitable
for a variety of analytical research problems. The other
method has been adapted for the determination of low
ETU-concentrations in foodstuffs and cigarette smoke
condensate. ETU is derivatized with trimethylanilinium
hydroxide, at room temperature, to N,N'-dimethyl-ETU. The
limit of sensitivity of the method is 0.001 mg/kg when
selective ion monitoring detection is used.
M3 - Report
SN - 951-38-1511-0
T3 - Valtion teknillinen tutkimuskeskus. Tutkimuksia - Research Reports
BT - Ethylenethiourea
PB - VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland
CY - Espoo
ER -