Evaluation of Printed Coplanar Capacitive Sensors for Reliable Quantification of Fluids in Adult Diaper

Muhammad Tanweer; Liam Gillan; Raimo Sepponen; Ihsan Oguz Tanzer; Kari A. Halonen

doi:10.1007/978-3-031-49068-2_42

Evaluation of Printed Coplanar Capacitive Sensors for Reliable Quantification of Fluids in Adult Diaper

Muhammad Tanweer^*
, Liam Gillan
, Raimo Sepponen
, Ihsan Oguz Tanzer
, Kari A. Halonen

^*Corresponding author for this work

Aalto University

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference article in proceedings › Scientific › peer-review

2 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Advancements in printed technology have led to the development of economical and sustainable electronic solutions for wearable medical devices in the healthcare sector. Printed capacitive sensors in planar geometry are widely used in the development of smart diapers for detecting urination events, quantifying detection, and quantifying voided volumes. However, factors such as the effect of sodium electrolyte variation, body weight effect on a wet diaper and gravitational effect on wet diapers impair the quantification of voided volume with capacitive sensors. In this study, a printed capacitive sensor for quantifying human body fluids in adult diaper was evaluated to analyze these effects. Silver and carbon inks were used to print the parallel-plate capacitive electrodes on a flexible substrate in a coplanar geometry. In-diaper quantification measurements were performed at various concentration levels in pseudo urine with small incremental levels at the adult human urination flow rate. The impact of human body weight on quantification measurements using a wet diaper was studied. The gravitational pull effect of wetness was evaluated for on-human-torso use in both standing and lying positions. It was observed that a printed coplanar capacitive sensor alone is insufficient to reliably quantify the voided volume in diapers.

Original language	English
Title of host publication	MEDICON’23 and CMBEBIH’23 - Proceedings of the Mediterranean Conference on Medical and Biological Engineering and Computing MEDICON and International Conference on Medical and Biological Engineering CMBEBIH—Volume 2
Subtitle of host publication	Bio-innovations, Sustainable Practices, and Multidisciplinary Applications in Healthcare
Editors	Almir Badnjević, Lejla Gurbeta Pokvić
Publisher	Springer
Pages	414-422
ISBN (Print)	9783031490675
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-49068-2_42
Publication status	Published - 2024
MoE publication type	A4 Article in a conference publication
Event	16th Mediterranean Conference on Medical and Biological Engineering and Computing, MEDICON 2023 and 5th International Conference on Medical and Biological Engineering, CMBEBIH 2023 - Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina Duration: 14 Sept 2023 → 16 Sept 2023

Publication series

Series	IFMBE Proceedings
Volume	94
ISSN	1680-0737

Conference

Conference	16th Mediterranean Conference on Medical and Biological Engineering and Computing, MEDICON 2023 and 5th International Conference on Medical and Biological Engineering, CMBEBIH 2023
Country/Territory	Bosnia and Herzegovina
City	Sarajevo
Period	14/09/23 → 16/09/23

Funding

Technical assistance towards the printed sensors from Olli Halonen, Kim Eiroma, Mika Suhonen, Tapio Mäkelä, and Asta Pesonen is gratefully acknowledged. The research work is executed under the Urisens project funded by Business Finland (grant agreement number 1696/31/2022) and the EHIR project funded by the Academy of Finland.

Keywords

Capacitive sensors
Printed electronics
Printed sensors
Smart diapers
Sodium concentration
Voided volume quantification
Wearable medical devices

Access to Document

10.1007/978-3-031-49068-2_42

Cite this

Tanweer, M., Gillan, L., Sepponen, R., Tanzer, I. O., & Halonen, K. A. (2024). Evaluation of Printed Coplanar Capacitive Sensors for Reliable Quantification of Fluids in Adult Diaper. In A. Badnjević, & L. Gurbeta Pokvić (Eds.), MEDICON’23 and CMBEBIH’23 - Proceedings of the Mediterranean Conference on Medical and Biological Engineering and Computing MEDICON and International Conference on Medical and Biological Engineering CMBEBIH—Volume 2: Bio-innovations, Sustainable Practices, and Multidisciplinary Applications in Healthcare (pp. 414-422). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-49068-2_42

Tanweer, Muhammad ; Gillan, Liam ; Sepponen, Raimo et al. / Evaluation of Printed Coplanar Capacitive Sensors for Reliable Quantification of Fluids in Adult Diaper. MEDICON’23 and CMBEBIH’23 - Proceedings of the Mediterranean Conference on Medical and Biological Engineering and Computing MEDICON and International Conference on Medical and Biological Engineering CMBEBIH—Volume 2: Bio-innovations, Sustainable Practices, and Multidisciplinary Applications in Healthcare. editor / Almir Badnjević ; Lejla Gurbeta Pokvić. Springer, 2024. pp. 414-422 (IFMBE Proceedings, Vol. 94).

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title = "Evaluation of Printed Coplanar Capacitive Sensors for Reliable Quantification of Fluids in Adult Diaper",

abstract = "Advancements in printed technology have led to the development of economical and sustainable electronic solutions for wearable medical devices in the healthcare sector. Printed capacitive sensors in planar geometry are widely used in the development of smart diapers for detecting urination events, quantifying detection, and quantifying voided volumes. However, factors such as the effect of sodium electrolyte variation, body weight effect on a wet diaper and gravitational effect on wet diapers impair the quantification of voided volume with capacitive sensors. In this study, a printed capacitive sensor for quantifying human body fluids in adult diaper was evaluated to analyze these effects. Silver and carbon inks were used to print the parallel-plate capacitive electrodes on a flexible substrate in a coplanar geometry. In-diaper quantification measurements were performed at various concentration levels in pseudo urine with small incremental levels at the adult human urination flow rate. The impact of human body weight on quantification measurements using a wet diaper was studied. The gravitational pull effect of wetness was evaluated for on-human-torso use in both standing and lying positions. It was observed that a printed coplanar capacitive sensor alone is insufficient to reliably quantify the voided volume in diapers.",

keywords = "Capacitive sensors, Printed electronics, Printed sensors, Smart diapers, Sodium concentration, Voided volume quantification, Wearable medical devices",

author = "Muhammad Tanweer and Liam Gillan and Raimo Sepponen and Tanzer, \{Ihsan Oguz\} and Halonen, \{Kari A.\}",

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Tanweer, M, Gillan, L, Sepponen, R, Tanzer, IO & Halonen, KA 2024, Evaluation of Printed Coplanar Capacitive Sensors for Reliable Quantification of Fluids in Adult Diaper. in A Badnjević & L Gurbeta Pokvić (eds), MEDICON’23 and CMBEBIH’23 - Proceedings of the Mediterranean Conference on Medical and Biological Engineering and Computing MEDICON and International Conference on Medical and Biological Engineering CMBEBIH—Volume 2: Bio-innovations, Sustainable Practices, and Multidisciplinary Applications in Healthcare. Springer, IFMBE Proceedings, vol. 94, pp. 414-422, 16th Mediterranean Conference on Medical and Biological Engineering and Computing, MEDICON 2023 and 5th International Conference on Medical and Biological Engineering, CMBEBIH 2023, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina, 14/09/23. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-49068-2_42

Evaluation of Printed Coplanar Capacitive Sensors for Reliable Quantification of Fluids in Adult Diaper. / Tanweer, Muhammad; Gillan, Liam; Sepponen, Raimo et al.
MEDICON’23 and CMBEBIH’23 - Proceedings of the Mediterranean Conference on Medical and Biological Engineering and Computing MEDICON and International Conference on Medical and Biological Engineering CMBEBIH—Volume 2: Bio-innovations, Sustainable Practices, and Multidisciplinary Applications in Healthcare. ed. / Almir Badnjević; Lejla Gurbeta Pokvić. Springer, 2024. p. 414-422 (IFMBE Proceedings, Vol. 94).

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference article in proceedings › Scientific › peer-review

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T1 - Evaluation of Printed Coplanar Capacitive Sensors for Reliable Quantification of Fluids in Adult Diaper

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AU - Gillan, Liam

AU - Sepponen, Raimo

AU - Tanzer, Ihsan Oguz

AU - Halonen, Kari A.

PY - 2024

Y1 - 2024

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AB - Advancements in printed technology have led to the development of economical and sustainable electronic solutions for wearable medical devices in the healthcare sector. Printed capacitive sensors in planar geometry are widely used in the development of smart diapers for detecting urination events, quantifying detection, and quantifying voided volumes. However, factors such as the effect of sodium electrolyte variation, body weight effect on a wet diaper and gravitational effect on wet diapers impair the quantification of voided volume with capacitive sensors. In this study, a printed capacitive sensor for quantifying human body fluids in adult diaper was evaluated to analyze these effects. Silver and carbon inks were used to print the parallel-plate capacitive electrodes on a flexible substrate in a coplanar geometry. In-diaper quantification measurements were performed at various concentration levels in pseudo urine with small incremental levels at the adult human urination flow rate. The impact of human body weight on quantification measurements using a wet diaper was studied. The gravitational pull effect of wetness was evaluated for on-human-torso use in both standing and lying positions. It was observed that a printed coplanar capacitive sensor alone is insufficient to reliably quantify the voided volume in diapers.

KW - Capacitive sensors

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KW - Smart diapers

KW - Sodium concentration

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Tanweer M, Gillan L, Sepponen R, Tanzer IO, Halonen KA. Evaluation of Printed Coplanar Capacitive Sensors for Reliable Quantification of Fluids in Adult Diaper. In Badnjević A, Gurbeta Pokvić L, editors, MEDICON’23 and CMBEBIH’23 - Proceedings of the Mediterranean Conference on Medical and Biological Engineering and Computing MEDICON and International Conference on Medical and Biological Engineering CMBEBIH—Volume 2: Bio-innovations, Sustainable Practices, and Multidisciplinary Applications in Healthcare. Springer. 2024. p. 414-422. (IFMBE Proceedings, Vol. 94). doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-49068-2_42

Evaluation of Printed Coplanar Capacitive Sensors for Reliable Quantification of Fluids in Adult Diaper

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