@book{aa32ebea711a45eb91b191a985b31e85,
title = "FE-modelling of ice failure load during ship bow indentation into multi-year ice",
abstract = "The report presents the results of numerical studies of ice failure load caused by a ship bow penetrating into a large multi-year ice floe. Ice crushing and methods available for constitutive modelling of ice are discussed. The applicability of different material models in commercial FE-codes are studied. Different failure criteria are presented and fitted into a set of multi-year ice strength test results. An FE-model of the ice block including ship bow imprint is constructed. Both linear elastic and linear elastic-ideally plastic material models are applied to the ice block with several loading and boundary conditions. The linear elastic-ideally plastic model is calculated with von Mises failure criterion and the associated flow rule. The calculated results are compared with the existing data from fullscale ship ice trials. Also an attempt to apply strain softening in the nonlinear model is made in order to take into account the reduced load-carrying capacity of ice after the initial failure.",
keywords = "mathematical models, ice, icebreakers, ice breakup, ice disintegration, mechanical properties, fracture properties, brittleness, breaking load, failure, breaking, elastic properties, elastic theory, plastic theory, ships",
author = "Sauli Liukkonen and Seppo Kivimaa",
year = "1991",
language = "English",
isbn = "951-38-3842-0",
series = "Valtion teknillinen tutkimuskeskus. Tutkimuksia - Research Reports",
publisher = "VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland",
number = "725",
address = "Finland",
}